are you sure ahmed godane made this gabay? looooool.

loooool caadi maha.

^^^^^^looool , mad man's tales.

what's with the attacks everybody has the right to support whichever party they desire to support.

mashallah.

doesn't this belong to the politics section.

^^^ looooool.

the kitchen.

good advice ladies better listen.

Hargeysa(Qarannews)-Waxay ahayd goob si habaysan looga bineeyey dhisme-yaal door ah oo loo qaabeeyey hab casri ah, kuwaasoo loo asteeyey in si wadar ah bulshada loogu fidiyo adeegyo kala duwan, jawigu wuxuu ahaa mid farxadeed, waxana dhacaysay neecowda laydha. Qeybo mid ah hal-doorka bulshada ayaa cabaar is-weydaarsanayey haasaawe hufan oo kor-ka-xaadis. Waxay u ekaayeen kooxo ay kala fogeysay xiisadaha siyaasadeed ee dalka ka taagan iyo xubno ku kala baahay arrimo khaas. Sidaa daraadeed-na waxay fursadaas uga faa'idaysteen xog-warsi iyo kala war qaadasho. Waxay ahaayeen tiro ahaan rag door ah, oo qaybaha bulshada ka kooban, waxanay isugu jireen Siyaasiyiin, Wasiiro, Xildhibaano, madax-dhaqameed, Ganacsato, Culimo-Awdiin, Abwaano iyo dhinacyo kale oo ka mid ah qeybaha bulshada. Waxay ahayd Caweysinkii Khamiiseed ee toddobaadkan, isla markaana waxaan dadkii goobtaa joogay ka madhnayn bidhaanta Dharka dhaqanka. Dabcan, lebiska fudud ee aan caynsanaanta ahayn, astaantana u ah waqtiga nasashada ama xiliyada aan shaqada lagu jirin, ayay badi xidhnaayeen. Caruurta yaryar ee daadahaynta Caweesinkani qabatimay, oo aabayaashood la socday ayaa iyana ka muuqday Goobtaas. Sida caadada u ah waxay u ekaayeen mashquul marba dhinac isu-eryanaya oo bardootan ku jira. Balse, muddakarkii meesha keenay laba-laba, saddex-saddex, afar-afar iyo ka badan ayaa qaybiba Miis wada fadhiday oo u wada sheekaysanaysay. Goobtu waa City Center Business, oo kulmisay xarumo ay ka mid yihiin Restaurant and Cafeteria , Fuel Station, Super Market, And Carwash, oo ku yaala cidhifka bari ee Magaalada Hargeysa. Waa suuq-yare il-qabatin leh, oo aad u camiran. Isla markaana ay bulshada kala duwani isku aragto caways iyo subaxba. "Meheradahani waxay qeyb ka yihiin meherada kala duwan ee Kaahin Group dalka ka hirgeliyey, waana gobo ganacsi oo aanu ugu tallogalnay in aanu bulshada ugu fududeyno inay goob keliya ka helaan adeegyada ay u baahan yihiin, waxana iskaashaday muwaadiniin kala duwan". Sidaa waxa furitaankii Meherahasi ka tiraabay Guddoomiyaha City Center Business Cismaan Kaahin. Dhamaan masuuliyiintii munaasibadaasi ka hadlay waxay si wadar ah u xuseen muhiimada ay leedahay iskaashiga bulshada iyo sida loogu baahan in si wadajir loogu midoobo horumarinta Ganacsiga dalka. Sida uu iskaashigu u yahay furaha hirgelinta ganacsi ballaadhan oo taabogal ah ayey Sugida Nabadgelyada iyo Xasiloonida dalku u tahay tiir-dhexaadka koboca dhaqaalaha iyo horumarka Ganacsiga, Xoghayaha Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Golaha Wakiillada Mudane Maxamed Nuur Caraale (Duur) ayaa si weyn u soo dhaweeyey furitaanka Gancsigan oo uu ku tilmaamay maalgashi qurux iyo qiimo badan leh, Waxana uu ku kaftay in muddooyinkan danbe Ganacsigu geedi u ahaa dhinaca Galbeed ee Magaalada Hargeysa, balse uu muuqdo ifafaale muujinaya inuu dhinaca Barina Ganacsigu ka dhaqan-gelayo, isla markaana waxa uu rajo wanaagsan ka muujiyey in kor-u-kac ku yimaado hoos dhacii Ganacsiga. Isaga oo ka hadlaya doorka ay Nabadgelyadu ka qaadato horumarka Ganacsiga waxa uu yidhi; "Inta keliya ee aynu haysano oo ah Nabadgelyada ayaa saldhig u ah in dadka Ganacstada ah iyo dadka debada ka soo noqonaya inay dhiirigelin karto oo ay keeni karto tan oo kale iyo kuwo la mid ah ay dhisaan, taasina waa wax ilaahay lagu mahadiyo, in aan halkaa lagu ilaawin oo nolosha iyo dadka horumar loo raadiyaana waa muhiim." Waa daruuri, oo la-yaab ma laha in nuxurka weedhuhu u bataan hadba mawduuca markaa taagan, iyada laga afeeftay in munaasibadaa dabakhin masraxyada siyaasiga. Sidaa daraadeed dulucda hadalku wuxuu ku aroorayey dhinaca Ganacsiga iyo Kobaca Ganacsiga/Dhaqaalaha iyo xog-waranka duruufaha ku xeeran. Mudane Xuseen Ismaaciil waxa uu ka mid ahaa Mudaneyaasha Golaha Wakiillada ee weedhahooda kaga tiraabay mawduucaas. "Nimcadan oo kale haday qiime muujinayso ta ugu horeysa ee ay muujinaysaa waxa weeye iskaashigu qiimaha uu leeyahay, nin qudhi waxba kama bixi karo, KAAH GROUP COMPANY wuxuu ku fiday magaalooyinka waa weyn oo dhan, taasi tilmaan waxay u tahay in la dhiirigeliyo iskaashiga oo far-fardi loo dhimanine marka baayacmushtari laga fikirayo inuu iskaashigu mar walba isaga oo nidaamkiisa wata uu inoo hirgalo, Yurub iyo Ingiriis waa Kambaniyo." "Illaahay waxaan ka baryayaa ama beer ha la isku kaashado Ganacsi kale ha la isku kaashadee dadku inuu ogaado in iskaashigu nolosha yahay, Gacmo wadajir bay wax ku gooyaan baa la yidhi, qurux iyo Muraayad ayey wadanka u tahay iyaga iyo qaar kaleba waa inay aad u bataan, iskaashiga wax soo saarkuna waa inuu ku xigaa, waayo imika Aduunkii belaayaa ka jirtoo waxaa la leeyahay Nin weliba halkiisa waxa uu ka beertaa ayuun buu leeyahaye cid wax isku diraysaa ma jirto. Markaa iskaashiga Beeruhu waa inay fara bataan". Ayuu Mudanuhu hadalkiisa ku soo af-meeray. Korriinka Magaalanimo Waa mid ay wadaagaan xaafadaha Magaalada Hargeysa, sidaa aawadeed, waxa la soo qaaday korriinka xaafadda Bariga ee astaanta u ah wax-qabsiga madaxa bannaan ee bulshada. Prof. Axmed Cabdi Cismaan ayaa hadal uu munaasibadaa ka jeediyey ku sheegay in uu dhismahani tilmaan u yahay fidinta Magaalada iyo Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha Qoyska. "Waxay Dan u tahay Somaliland, gaar ahaan Magaalada Hargeysa, waxaa muhiim ah in ay difaacno, ilaalino iyo in ay Xukuumaddu cashuuraha u dhaafto oo aanan albaabada kaga bixin isla markaana aanu sameyno waxyaabo dhiirigeliya..Dawlada waxa looga baahan yahay in ay Ganacsiga Dhiirigeliso, Shacabkana waxaa looga baahan yahay in Ganacsiga Dhiirigeliyaan oo ay iskaashi sameeyaan". Suldaan Barre Warsame Shire ayaa isaguna ka warramay doorka Wax-soo-saarka Dalaga Beeraha iyo dhaqashada Xoolaha oo ku tilmaamay inay hormood u yihiin meelaha ugu mudan ee bulshada muhiimada weyn u leh, loona baahan yahay in la dhiirigeliyo. Suldaan Bare waxa uu ku baaqay in si wadajir ah looga faa'idaysto tayeynta dhaqashada Xoolaha, Beeraha iyo Kalluunka. Maayarka Degmada Burco Maxamuud Axmed Xasan (Dhego-laab), oo isaguna xafladaa ka hadlay ayaa Ganacsatada ugu kula dardaarmay inay u midoobaan hirgelinta Ganacsi ballaadhan oo anfaca mujtamaca, waxana uu sheegay in ay Dawladaha Hoose soo dhaweynayaan horumarka Ganacsiga dalka. "Dawladaha Hoose ee Somaliland Al-baabada kala bixi maayaane wey la shaqeynayaan Ganacsatada. Ayuu yidhi Maayarka Burco oo dibaaqayey hadal ka soo yeedhay Prof. Axmed. Wasiiru-Dawladaha Wasaaradda Caafimaadka iyo Shaqada, Md. Axmed Cali Shire ayaa sheegay in Safar uu dhawaan ku soo maray 580 KM oo ka mid ah Gobolada Togdheer iyo Sanaag uu ku soo arkay xaalado qalafsan oo deegaanadaasi ka taagan, gaar ahaan dayaca adeegyada aasaasiga ah ee arrimaha bulshada iyo Xoolaha, waxana uu ku baaqay in Dawlad iyo shicib-ba la iska kaashado wax-ka-qabashada arrimahaas. "Waxaan Maqlayey Nin lahaa Ganacsigii Bari ayuu fidiyaa, Dhaqaalihi wuu soo kobcayaa maadaama xoolihii la furey, Ganacsi Bari u fiday ma jiro, deegaanadaasna duruufo badan ayaa ka taagan, Waxaa adhigii baa la furey, adhiba ma jiro oo xoolihii wey dhamaadeen. Markaa dalka dib ha loo eego". Ayuu yidhi Wasiirku, waxana uu intaas ku daray. "Waxaa la yidhaahdaa Nabada ha la ilaaliyo, Dabcan wey wanaagsan tahay, laakiin haddii aanay nololi jirin Nabadu waxba tari mayso...Deegaanadaas aanu tagnay Dadku waxay ku odhanayaan ‘Dawladu waxba may noo qaban". Wasiiru-Dawlaha Wasaaradda Caafimaadku waxa uu sheegay in aanay hay'adaha ka shaqeeya adeegyada bulshadu wax-qabadkooda ku dabaqin hadba baahiyaha ka jira deegaanada ay mashaariicda ka fulintaan, isla markaana aanay la tashi la sameyn hay'adaha Dawliga ah ee ku shaqada leh, waxana uu ugu baaqay in ay mashaariicdooda soo mariyaan Wasaaradaha, si loogu saleeyo baahiyaha ugu mudan in wax laga qabto, waxana uu sheegay in dhiirigelinta Ganacsigu ka mid yahay waajibaadka ay u xil saran tahay xukuumaddu, waxana uu Ganacsatada iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada kula dardaarmay inay ka qeyb-qaataan dhismaha dalkooda. Ugu dambeyn Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wakiillada Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdillaahi (Cirro) oo si rasmi ah meheradahaa xadhiga uga jaray ayaa halkaa ka soo jeediyey hadal kooban oo,isugu jirey bogaadin, dardaaran iyo tallo soo jeedin waxana uu sheegay in kobaca Dhaqaalaha/Ganacsiga lagu hirgelin karo midnimo, Wado-tashi iyo in laga baxo Ganacsiga Shakhsi-nimo, si loo xaqiijiyo himilada Qaranku ugu higsanayo uu horumar taabogal ah ka gaadho dhinacyada Ganacsiga, Dhaqaalaha iyo Wax-soo-saarka Dalka. http://www.qarannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6490&Itemid=62

SIDEE LOOGA CIIDEY CEERIGAABO Sanaag.org Ceerigaabo,Jawiga guud ee magaalada ceerigaabo ayaa saaka ku waa bariiste jawi farxadeed iyadoo ay cirka joogeen daruuro waaweyn dhulkana nuglo{ceeryaamo} Jiiftey Dadweynaha ayaa subaxii hore waxay isugu soo bexeen garoonka weyn ee kubada cagta ee DAALO stadium Waxayna halkaa ku tukadeen salaada ciida ee udxada wejiyada dadwenaha waxaa ka muuqatey farxad iyo raynrayn waxayna is dhaafsanayeen salaamo iyo hambalyooyin waxaa dadweynaha salaada kula tukadey gudoomiyaha gobolka sanaag cali cabdi hure gudoomiyaha golaha deegaanka ismaciil xaaji nuur masuuliyiin ka socota maamulka degmada culimaau'diin iyo dad kale oo aan lasoo koobi karin hadaba salaada ciidul udxada kadib waxaa ugu horayn halkaa ka ka duceeyey iimaam kamida iimaamada masaajidada magaalada sh axmed iidle wuxuuna dadweynaha ka codsady inay is cafiyaan isla markaana qalbiyadooda safeeyaan waxaa kale oo isna halkaa ka hadlay maxamed cali biixi oo kamida culimaau'diinka gobolka sanaag waxa uu qudbadiisa ku soo qaatay dhowr qodob laakiin waxa uu sigaara farta ugu fiiqay deegaamaynta ay yuhuudu ka wado dhulka falastiiniyiinta waxana uu shee... inay yuhuudu haatan doonayso inay dumiyaan masjidka weyn ee al aqsa waxana uu dadweynaha kula dardaarmay inay is ka ilaaliyaan khilaafka dhexdoda isla markaana uduceeyaan umada falastiiniyiinta in uu ilaahay ka korqaado dhibata haysata ugu dan bayntii waxaa soo gebegebeeyey qudbada gudoomiyaha golaha deegaanka ismaaciil xaajinuur waxana uu dadweynaha ka codsaday inay ilaaliyaan nadaafada si looga hortago hargab doofaarka oo lashee... inuu soogaadhey dhulka soomaalida marka la isku soo duuduubo waxaa daweynaha kunool degmooyinka iyo tuulooyinka gobolku saa ka ku ciideen farxad taasoo qayb ka ah munaasibada ciiduladxada oo kadhacday calamka islaaka siciid axmed tamreyse sanaag74@hotmail.com ceerigaabo/sanaag CIIDAL MUBAARIK TAQABALALLAAHU MINAA WA MINKKUN http://sanaag.org/details.asp?id=1242&dt=news

alla meesha maxa calaacal iyo Buufis yala.

and here is Garaadka beesha ****. OODWEYNENEWS.COM oo waraysi la yeeshay Garaadka **** ee Beesha **** oo soo gaadhay Magaalada London London(Oodweynenews)-Waxaa Xalay abaaro 9:30 Habeenimo ka soo degay garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Magaalada London Garaad Axmed Diiriye Gayllan oo ah Garaadka **** ee beesha **** waxaana halkaas loogu soo dhaweeyey si aad u heersaraysa,, isagoo ka soo kicitimay magaalada Stockholm ee wadanka Sweden . Waxana kamid ahaa dadkii faraha badnaa ee halkaas ku soo dhaweeyey Garaadka Wariyaha Oodweynenews.com ee Magaalada London Ibraahim Ismaaciil Axmed (Ibraahim Armani) oo halkaas waraysi kula yeeshay Garaad Axmed Diiriye Gayllanka , Waraysigaas oo u dhacay sidan, Dhegaysi Waangsan:-- and here watch the video http://www.oodweynenews.com/display_page.php?articleid=12277 [ November 21, 2009, 01:29 AM: Message edited by: Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar ]

Dude you do realise **** and that **** not the same? Baaq Uu Soo Saaray Af-hayeenka Beelaha **** Written by Maxamed Jaamac Cawil. Nov 18, 2009 at 07:33 AM Bismillaahi raxmnnaani raxiim. Anigoo ah, af-hayeenka beelaha **** mudane Maxamed Jaamac Cawil. Waxaan ku wargelinayaa dhammaanba beelaha ****, ee ku kala hoyda dunida hareereheeda Inay u dyaargaroobaan sidii ay uga qayb gelilahaayeen shirweynaha, ka dhici doon magaalada Burco Somaliland 20/1/2010. shirkaasi oo beelweynta **** ku soo dhoweynayso walaalahooda ****. Waxaan beelaha **** ku wergelinayaa inay dhowaanahan soo shaac baxeen, shakhsiyaad Tira yar oo doonaya inay carqaladeeyaan, ama is hortaagaan shirweynaha ka dhici doona magaalada Burco ee gobolka togdheer Somaliland, ee ay hore ugu heshiiy een, guurtida iyo salaadiinta Beelweynta **** iyo cuqaasha iyo waxgaradka beelaha ****. Shakhsiyaadkaas oo caadaystay beenabuur, iska horkeen iyo xasard joogto ah, inay kula dhex wareegaan beelweynta **** iyo beelaha **** oo isir walaaleeyey. Isla markaana ku been abuurtay magacyada dad **** ah,kuna sheegay qabiilk aanay isir ahaan ka soo jeedin. Iyo weliba dad aan beelaha **** u dhalan Sida; 1.khadiija Cabdi 2.Xaliimo Cabdi Axmed. Dadka lagu been abuurtay magacyadoodana sida qaldan loo isticmaalay, isla markaana la siiyey derejooyin iyo magac dhaqameedyo aanay lahayn raalina ka ahayn, sida, caaqil, Dr., nabad doon Abwaan, sheikh, prof. iwm, magacyadoodu waa kuwa hoos ku taxan, iyagoo dacwad qaba’; 1, Maxamed Muuse Xayir Afjar 2,Axmed Mustafe Abdi Aw-Ali Siraad 3,Yuusuf Muuse Xayir 4,Dr. Ali Abdisalaan ALazhar 5,Yaassin Jama Adan 6,Bashiir Jama Adan 7.Xuseen Xaashi 8,Dr. Xasan Maxamed Cismaan 9,Ibrahim Xasan Yool 10.Dr. Xasan Ali Maxamed 11,caaqil Daahir Saalax 12,caaqil Maxamed Tarabi. Haddaba kadib markaan samaynay baadhitaan aad u qotadheer, waxaa noo caddaatay oo aan xaqiiqsanay sida kor ku xusan in dadkaas magacyadooda lagu been abuurtay, isla markaana beelaha **** iyo beelweynta **** fidmo iyo fadqalalo ay kula dhex meeraysanayaan canaasirta u soo tafa xaytay inay dadkan is helay ee isir ahaan walaalaha ah kala dilaan. Af-hayeenka beelaha **** Mudane Maxamed Jaamac Cawil http://www.qarannews.com/index.php?opti ... &Itemid=62 [ November 21, 2009, 01:28 AM: Message edited by: Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar ]

Maxamud Axmed Cali the Father of Somali education, the first modern Somali educator. Waxa igu takhlan wax badan. Waxaan tebanayaa wax badan. Waxaan tiigsadaa wax maqan, waxana tasoobi kara wax badan.Tilmaanta lagu soo baadi sooci karo magaca Maxamuud Axmed Cali in ay tahay Aabbihii Tacliinta ummaddeenna waa arrin lagu wada qanacsan yahay oo aanu maanta muran ka taagnayn. Hase yeeshee waxa tabashada dareenku sii kordhaysaa, guhaad iyo canaan kobocsan oo qalbiga ogoggiisa ka soo go’ayna kugu taagmayaan marka intaas hoos looga sii daadego ee wax la iska weydiiyo sooyaalka iyo taariikh-nololeedkii shakhsiyaddaas mudan,shakhsiyaddaas magaceedu maamuuska iyo milgaha leeyahay,shakhsiyaaddaas maqaamka sare ku leh taariikhda ummadda,godka ma-guuraanka ahna ka fadhiisata sooyaalka ummadda iyo dhigaalladeeda ay ku dhaashato, kuna indha kuulato ee hiraalkeeda ku astaysan. Dad badan oo weliba u togan inta isku tirisa in ay aqoonta ehel u yihiin, waxna barteen, ayaa waxa aanay ogayn ama aanay soo rogan karin wax dhaafsiisan ama ka durugsan in Maxamuud Axmed Cali ahaa Aabbihii waxbarashada, waxana suurta gal ah in dad badan oo jiilasha dambe ka mid ahina aanay xitaa intaasba haynin, in xitaa magacuba aanu maskaxdooda ku jirin, soona hor marin ogaalkooda. Miyaanay suurta gal ahayn in magacuba tasoobo, in da’faceedda hadda koraysa iyo kuwa soo socdaaba aanay la kulmin magaca Maxamuud Axmed Cali iyo inta kale ee inta badan ka mudan! Ma jirto dunida guudkeeda meel iska bannaani. Halka wax ka baxaan iskama bannaanaato ee waxa buuxiya wax kale. Tolow maxaa dhacaya haddii magaca Maxamuud Axmed Cali iyo hebello kale halkooda ka baxaan? Miyaanay suurta gal ahayn in wax sawaaban oo taban, boolina ahi soo baxaan oo halkooda fadhiistaan! Ummad aan taariikh sugan lahayni waa ummad aan jiritaan sugan lahayn! Halistaas bidhaamaysa ayaa joogtaynaysa in loo hollado in la raadiyo, waxna laga qoro duug-yaal badan oo tiir-dhexaad u ah taariikhda ummadda iyo hidde- sidayaasheeda ay ku dhaadato. Maxamuud Axmed Cali Alle ha u naxariistee waxa uu ka mid yahay tiirarkaas waaweyn ee sooyaalka ummadda, waxanu macagiisu buuxinayaa oo lagu soo baadi-sooci karaa tilmaansi-ahaan nuxurka ereyadii Alle ha u naxariistee C/laahi Qarshe : Aqoon la’aani waa iftiin la’aan. Waxa uu Maxamuud ahaa aasaasihii iyo hirgeliyihii waxbarashada casriga ah, waxanu ahaa macallinkii suurta geliyey in ay tacliin qaataan oo wax bartaan, aflaxaanna koox ahaan in badan oo ka mid ah qalinleydii ugu horreysey ee soomaalida. Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu ku dhashay gobolka Togdheer, degmada Burco hilaad-ahaan kala guurkii labadii qarni ee tegey (dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20aad). Waxa uu Maxamuud waxbarashadiisa aasaasiga ah ku qaatay magaalada Berbera dugsi ku yaalley oo wax lagu bari jirey arday isugu jirtey Carab iyo Hindi. Waxa uu ka mid ahaa arday fara-ku-tiris ah oo soomaali ah oo dugsigaas loo oggolaaday. Sannadkii 1919kii waxa waxbarasho loogu diray waddanka Suudaan, waxanu tacliintiisa ka bilaabay magaalada Khartuum kulliyad lagu baran jirey macallinnimada oo loo yaqaanney Bakhta Al-Ruda. Dhammaadkii tobanlihii 1920aadkii ayaa Maxamuud Axmed Cali ka soo laabtay waxbarashadaas. Markii uu gumaysigu soo galay arlada soomaalida waxa la yimi oo weheliyey kooxo horseed u ahaa waxbarasho ka soo jeedda oo laga soo dheegtey Diinta Kiristaanka. Waxa 1891 dugsiyo noocaas ah oo Baaderi (wadaad masiixi ah) madax u yahay laga furay magaalada Berbera iyo Bulla-xaar. 1905- tiina waxa laga furay magaalada Saylac. Waxa dugsiyadaas ugu caansanaa Dhaymoole oo ahaa duleedka Berbera. Dadkii soomaalidu waxa ay ka hor yimaaddeen furitaanka dugsiyadaas. Waxa soomaalidu la diiddanayd ubadkooda in la baro diin aan ahayn diintooda Islaamka, waxana soo baxay dareen muujinaya in qasdiga ka dambeeya iskuulladaasi uu yahay mid la xidhiidha fidinta Diinta Kiristaanka. Sidaas darteed way xidhmeen muddo ka dib dugsiyadaasi. Iskuulladaas Baaderiga raggii ugu horreyey ee waxbarashada ka bilaabay waxa ka mid ahaa Alle ha u naxariistee Xaaji Faarax Oomaar, Xuseen Kaatoli, Ciise Faranji, Axmed Cali (Maykal Maryama aabbihii), Fideer, Maxamuud Diiriye Suulaawe iyo qaar kale. Waxa markii dugsiyada Baaderigu xidhmeen nimankaas loo qaaday dhinaca magaalada Cadan oo looga sii ambaqaaday tacliintaas Baaderiga. Markii uu Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxbarshada Suudaan ka soo laabtay, waxa uu noqday shaqaale dawladeed. Waxa uu Maxamuud ku baraarugsanaa ahmiyadda ay waxbarashadu leedahay, waxanu ka dheregsanaa oo fahansanaa khilaafka dhex-yaallaa soomaalida iyo maamulayaashii gumaysiga. Sidaas darteed waxa uu ka fekerey in ubadka soomaalidu ay helaan waxbarasho ka duwan taas fashilantay ee Baaderigu hormuudka u ahaa. Waxa uu isku taxalujiyey in gumaysigu taageero u fidiyo rugihii waxbarashada ee soomaalida oo ahaa malcaamadihii qur’aanka, si la isugu soo taago oo ubadka loogu oggolaado in ay ka qayb qaataan barashada aqoonta kale ee caadiga ah oo Maxamuud Axmed Cali uu gadh-wadeen ka ahaa. Waxa uu Maxamuud Axmed Cali la noolaa dadkiisa, waxanu hiil u ahaa, una taagnaa sii horu marintiisa. Waxa uu daba joogey dedaalkii soo taxnaa ee Sh. Yuusuf Kownayn ee Alif wax maleh, Ba’ hoos ku hal leh ama Alif la’ kor-dhabey, Alif la’ hoos-dhebey, Alif laa godey, waxanu ku qanacsanaa in hore halkaas looga sii heetiyo oo tallaabo kale la sii ruqaansado. Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu geed dheer iyo mid gaabanba u koray in uu aqoon ku ababiyo ubadka soomaalida iyo sidii loo heli lahaa goobihii waxbarashada lagu siin lahaa ee la isugu keeni lahaa marka ay malcaamadaha ka soo aflaxaan. Maxamuud waxa uu geli jirey safarro dhaadheer si uu u soo ururiyo carruur waxbarashadaas ka qayb qaadata. Waxa uu kaxaysan jirey rakuub (awr la fuulo) ama faras, waxanu dhex mari jirey dhulka daaqsinka ah ee beelaha xoolo dhaqatada reer guuraaga ah ee soomaalida. Waxa uu weydiisan jirey in ay 20 ama 10 ama 5 wiil ku daraan, si uu u geeyo goobaha waxbarashada. Inta badan waa lagu diidi jirey arrintaas, meelaha qaarna waxa uu kala kulmi jirey or iyo canbaarayn. Dadku waxa ay uga biya-diidayeen waxbarashada casriga ah, waxa ay ka dareen qabeen dugsiyadii bilowga ahaa ee Baaderigu hor kuutinayey, hase yeeshee Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu aqoonsanaa, una muuqatey baahida loo qabey in la abuuro waxbarasho maaddi ah oo la jaanqaadi karta diinta iyo dhaqanka ummadda oo aan ahayn taas laga wayiigayey ee baaderiyeysnayd. 1929 oo ku beegnayd xilligii uu Maxamuud waxbarashada ka soo laabtay, waxa dhulkii soomaalida ee uu Ingriisku xukumi jirey (British Somaliland Protectrate) ka furnaa dhowr iskuul oo Ingriisku maal gelin jirey, niman waddaado ah ayaana ardayda ugu dhigi jirey qorista iyo akhriska carabida iyo barashada xisaabta. Dhinacii kale Talyaanigu xukumayey ee Koonfurta waxa xilligaas si fiican uga hana qaadayey dugsiyo badan oo hoos tegayey Kiniisadda Talyaaniga, waxanay dugsiyadaasi ka furnaayeen magaalooyinka Muqdisho, Marka, Baraawe, Jilib, Afgooye, Baydhabo, Kismaayo, Raas Xaafuun iyo meelo kale. Talyaanigu kalama kulmin Koonfurta cadaadiskii iyo diidmadii waxbarashada ee Ingriisku kala kulmay Waqooyiga. Taas ayaana keentay in dugsiyo badani hore uga furmaan Koonfurta. Hormuudkii waxbarashada xilligaas bilowga ahaa ee geyigaas soomaalida ee Talyaanigu gumaysanayey (Koonfurta) waxa uu ahaa Alle ha u naxariistee Macallin Jaamac Bilaal oo dedaal weyn u galay tis-qaadka dugsiyada waxbarashada ee magaalada Muqdisho iyo nawaaxideeda. Fartii Cismaaniyada oo uu horseed u ahaa Alle naxariistii janno ha geeyee Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid ayaa iyana xoog ku lahayd meelo badan oo dhulalka soomaalida ka mid ah. Udub-xooggii dhaqanka iyo hiddaha soomaalida Muuse Galaal ayaa isna dedaal u galay xilliyadii kuwaas ku taxnaa kobcinta iyo soo bandhigidda bilicda iyo qanninamada suugaanta iyo afka soomaaliga. Sannadihii 1930-naadkii waxa kordhaysey tirada dugsiyada, waxana iskuullo laga dhisay magaalooyinka Berbera, Burco iyo Hargeysa. 1936 waxa Ingriisku Somaliland u soo magacaabay agaasimihii ugu horreeyey ee arrimaha waxbarashada. Agaasimahaasi markii uu magaalada Burco soo gaadhey waxa lagala hor yimi bannaan-baxyo xoog leh, dadna ay ku dhinteen. Maxamuud Axmed Cali iyo rag kale oo la fogaan-arag ahaa waxa ay isku deyayeen mar walba in la isku soo dhoweeyo soomaalida iyo waxbarashada. Waxa xilligaas durba la bilaabay dhaqdhaqaaqii ciyaaraha (sports) gaar ahaan cayaaraha fudud, sida jimicsiyada iwm. Waxa ay Maxamuud aragti-wadaag ahaayeen Alle ha u naxariistee Cabdi Siciid Xuseen oo Cadan wax ka soo bartay, una go’ay gardaadinta iyo kobcinta cayaaraha (Sportiga). Cabdi Siciid waxa aynu ugu yeedhi karnaa Aabbihii Sportiga. Waxa la tilmaamaa in maalin lagula soo qamaamay dhagxaan magaalada Berbera Cabdi Siciid iyo Maxamuud Axmed oo carruur jimicsi ku siinaya deyr meel iskuul ah ku dhex yaalla. Waxa laga tibaax bixiyaa in niman sheedda ka halacsadeen carruur jimicsi ahaan u foor- foororsanaysa, waxanay u maleeyeen in carruurtu sujuudsan tahay. Suuqa dadkii joogey ayay ku dhex dheceen, waxanay ku dhiillo geliyeen in carruurtii lagu khasbayo in ay cadceedda u sujuudaan. Waxa halkaas ka dhashay baa la yidhi weerar lagu soo qaaday goobtaas carruurtu jimicsiga ku qaadanaysey. Xilligii dagaalkii 2aad ee dunida waxa magaalooyinka waaweyn ka furmay iskuullo kale oo cusub, waxanu Ingriisku bilaabay maal gelinta 19 malcaamadood oo ku yaalley Berbera, Burco, Hargeysa iyo magaalooyin kale. Waxa xilligaas ka dib soo iftiimayey dareen hoosta ka xarriiqaya in indho ka duwan kuwii hore lagu eegayo dugsiyadaas laabta la soo kacayey ee waxbarashada, Maxamuud Axmed Calina uu gadh-wadeenka ka ahaa. Waxa furmay dugsiyadii Sheekh iyo Cammuud oo lagu qaadan jirey ilaa tacliinta dugsiga sare. 1953 waxa magaalada Burco laga furay dugsigii u horreeyey ee hablaha, waxana dalka ku baahay furitaanka dugsiyadii hoose iyo dhexe. Ragga culimada ah ee furitaanka dugsiyada iyo kobcintooda dhiiri gelinta siinayey, waxa ka mid ahaa Alle ha u naxariistee Sh. Ismaaciil Faarax oo magaalada Burco malcaamadaha iyo dugsiyadii ugu horreeyey macallin ka ahaa. Aabbihii Waxbarashada- Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu ibo-bixiyey, horseedna ka ahaa in ay wax bartaan dhalliinyaro badan oo degaanno kala duwan ka soo kala jeeda laga soo bilaabo bariga shishe ilaa galbeedka durugsan dhulkii loo yaqaanney British Somaliland Protectorate, maantana ah Jamhuuriyadda faca yar ee aan weli aqoonsiga ka helin beesha caalamka ee Somaliland. Waxa la tilmaamaa in kooxdii ugu horreysey ee qalinka ku raad barataa tacliintaas dhaladka ah ay ka mid ahaayeen: Sh. Xasan Maygaag Samatar, Maxamed Shire iyo Cali Jirde. Kooxdii labaadna waxa ka mid ahaa: Yuusuf X. Adan Qabille, Ismaaciil Yuusuf Samatar-Gaandi iyo Maxamed-Ruun Sh. Madar. Aabbihii Waxbarashada- Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu ahaa nin hal-adayg leh, lana falgalay oo ku milmay duxda hiddaha iyo dhaqanka soomaalida, kuna xidhan oo ka dab-qaata yaqiinta iyo diinta ummadda. Waxa dad xidhiidh gaar ah iyo aqoon u lahaa ii caddeeyeen in nolosha iyo hab-dhaqanka Maxamuud Axmed Cali ay muxaafid u ahaayeen si wax-ku-oolnimo ah dhaqanka iyo caqiidada ummadda, waxana qalbigiisa ku dheeraa oogidda salaadda. Ingriiska oo hoosta kala socdey shakhsiyaddiisa hanka weyn iyo miigganaantiisa qofnimo, ayaa jeclaa in uu Maxamuud Axmed gumeysiga wax uun kula bahoobo, lana wadaago dhinaca caadada iyo hab-dhaqanka nololeed ee wada macaamilka bulshaawiga ah, wuxuse Maxamuud Axmed Cali tusmaystay baadi-sooc (sumad) lagaga hamrado, lagaga haybadeysto, laguna taxgeliyo oo ah inuu naftiisa iyo ahaanshaha asalkiisa ixtiraamay, yeeshayna dedaal iyo firfircooni dhug leh, garasho leh, abbaarna leh oo ku astaysan dhaabadaynta dhaqanka iyo caqiidadiisa. Aabbihii Waxbarashada- Maxamuud Axmed Cali waxa uu la dhashay oo ay walaalo ahaayeen labadoodaba Alle ha u naxariistee C/raxmaan Axmed Cali-Tuur oo ahaa nin ku xeel-dheer arrimaha diblomaasiyadda, ahaana madaxweynihii ugu horreeyey ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. Maxamuud Axmed Cali- Aabbihii Tacliintu waxa uu ku geeriyoodey magaalada Muqdisho horraantii 1980-naadka, Allena ha u naxariistee waxa uu ifka kaga tegey wiil iyo dhowr gabdhood iyo dad iyaga ka sii tafiirmay. Kani waxa uu ahaa dheeg ku saabsan ibo-furka baadhitaan iyo daraaseyn ku taxmaysa Sooyaalkii Maxamuud Axmed Cali- Abbihii Waxbarashada, waxannuna ka martiyaynaa, ka quud-darraynaynaa, kana codsanaynaa qof kasta oo haya tibaax iyo tilmaan wax nagu biirin karta inuu noogu soo hagaajiyo Toobiyaha xidhiidh-tebineed (E-mail address) ee hoos inshu ugu tegi doonto. Horaa loo yidhi ‘Far keli ahi; fool ma dhaqdo iyo tabantaabaday laba gacmood; tamar ku yeeshaan’. Isla toos toosinta wixii tuur iyo tirbiicooyin yeeshaa; turxaan ma leh, tawsna ma reebaan; tiskase aan la isla tiir-tiirin ee la isku tuur-tuuro, ayaa tiiraanyo reebi kara. Tubta toobiyeysan taas baanu u aragnaaye soo tebiya tilmaantiinna. Aabbihii Tacliinta_Maxamuud Axmed Cali. Mahadnaq: waxa aan aad ugu mahadcelinaynaa abwaanka Yuusuf Cismaan Cabdille (Shaacir) oo sawirka Maxamuud Axmed Cali noogu deeqay. Qalinkii

Haji Xandjuf - be patient on those masakiin refuuges they haven't done anything laakinse blame the UN for their ignorant behaviour and the sheikh dalxis government who are always blocking UN aid to somaliland , if they are going to block the aid for somaliland how are we going to help those refuuges? ****** politicians of the south caqli malaha.

it's puntlands fault for messing with the big foot's , they should have taken the threat from the big foot serious weeks ago and prepared but i guess thats too late now. nevertheless AUN to the dead.

Tuesday, November 10, 2009 HARGEISA, 10 November 2009 (IRIN) - Days after Saudi Arabia lifted a nine-year ban on livestock imports from Somalia, the market in Hargeisa, Somaliland, has seen a 10-fold increase in sales, according to local traders. "One thousand five hundred sheep used to be sold in the market before the recent announcement... compared to more than 16,000 animals in the market daily in the last few days," Jama Farah Du’alle, a middleman (`dilal’) in the market, told IRIN on 7 November. Livestock keepers in the self-declared republic of Somaliland, whose mainstay is pastoralism, said they were beginning to see a change in their fortunes. "In the last nine years I used to earn 5,000-10,000 Somaliland shillings a day [uS $1.6 - 3.2] but by Allah’s mercy in the past few days I have been earning 60,000-70,000 a day, which has really improved my life," Du’alle said. Somaliland’s livestock minister, Idiris Ibrahim Abdi, announced the Saudi move on 5 November. Imposed in late 2000, the ban followed an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in the Horn of Africa region. RVF is an acute viral infectious disease of humans, cattle and sheep, which usually occurs during the rainy season. Clinically it is characterized by fever, loss of body coordination and sudden death. Saudi Arabia, which used to be the biggest buyer of Somali livestock, said it had lifted the ban to coincide with the `haj’ pilgrimage later in November. Better days for Berbera The decision allows livestock keepers to ship animals to Saudi Arabia through Somaliland's traditional livestock port of Berbera. In the past, the port also served livestock trucked from the neighbouring Ethiopian regions of Somali and Oromiya. Berbera had been losing its importance as a business centre since 2000. Thousands of people there moved to other towns such as Hargeisa and Burao. "[Most] of the young men who used to work in the livestock export business as animal herders on vessels heading to Saudi Arabia, have moved to Arab countries or other urban centres within Somaliland," a local resident said. The Saudi decision, according to local pastoralists, has renewed hope that Somali livestock can fetch a good price. "We have suffered in the last few years because of the ban; our animals had no value in the market. "For example one lamb was valued at only about US$20, which is much less than the cost of foodstuff," said Rashid Haybe Illeeye, from the Lebi-Sagaale region along the Somaliland-Ethiopia border. "Today I came with four lambs as usual - to buy food - and three of them were bought at $40-50," Illeeye said. A local journalist based in Burao told IRIN that the lifting of the ban was a boom to all. "The market has not seen such activity for nine years," he explained. "The whole of Burao - from tea ladies, truckers and nomads, to porters - is doing a booming business." http://hiiraan.com/news2/2009/Nov/saudi_livestock_move_boosts_somaliland_economy.aspx

Originally posted by Xaji_Xunjuf: The liberation of puntland is underway I am sure Nabar Xuun baad ka tabatay.

could it be Al shabab or the daring ONLF?

NASSIR what Sanaag Unionist are you talking about? only eastern sanaag might be UNIONIST not all of sanaag.

Introduction Somaliland (Northern Somalia) is situated on the northern side of the Horn of Africa with the Gulf of Aden to the north, Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Djibouti to the north-west (Fig.1). The morphology of the country is typical of areas in extension, with basins and mountains of up to 2000 m. There is little folding, but much normal faulting, some of which has very great throws. These strong vertical movements have controlled the accommodation space available for sediment deposition since the Lower Jurassic. To date there have only been 21 wells drilled in Somaliland (19 onshore and two offshore), many of which were only stratigraphic tests (Fig. 2). In fact few of the wells evaluated the hydrocarbon potential of the country and the type of prospects in the drilled basins. In addition, modern seismic reflection surveying has had very limited application in Somaliland. Therefore, many prospective petroleum systems in the onshore and offshore regions of the country remain relatively unexplored. In this paper, seismic, well, and outcrop data have been used to determine the petroleum systems of Somaliland. These data demonstrate that the country has favourable stratigraphy, structure, oil shows, and hydrocarbon source rocks. In addition, the results show that the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous units, and possibly Oligocene-Miocene units, show potential for hydrocarbon generation. Traps are provided by rollover anticlines associated with listric growth faults and rotated basement faults which are controlled by Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous tensional stresses. Figure 1a) General location map of Somaliland in global context; b) Map of Somaliland and surrounding regions showing transform faults of the Gulf of Aden and the conjugate basins. Topography data is based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. Bathymetry is based on satellite derived data (Smith and Sandwell, 1997). Also shown are cities mentioned in the text. Stratigraphy and depositional setting The sedimentary section of Somaliland can be divided into four parts (Fig. 2): Jurassic rift sequences The Jurassic deposits in Somaliland consist of a thick sequence of continental deposits (basal sandstone formation) resting directly on the peneplain basement rocks and over lain by a succession of limestones (Bihendula group) generally with some marl and shale intervals. Jurassic sediments were deposited in NW-SE trending grabens (e.g., Bihendula graben) that were formed as a result of tensional forces associated with the rifting of India from Africa. The Jurassic outcrop at Bihendula, 35 km south of Berbera, was the first to be recognized in the country and has since been the most extensively studied. It is where the greatest thickness (more than 1200 m) of fossiliferous marine Jurassic beds are exposed in the country. Cretaceous sequences The Cretaceous sedimentation of Somaliland is characterized by lateral lithologic variability resulting from transgressing seas from the east. As a consequence, thick carbonate and shale sections were deposited in the eastern part of the country and equally thick sequences of sandstones were deposited in the west. The widely used term 'Nubian sandstone' has been applied by several workers to describe the entire Cretaceous clastic sequences seen in outcrop (MacFadyen, 1933). However, some authors (Bosellini, 1992) divided the Cretaceous into Yesomma sandstone and Tisje carbonates, although it is difficult to distinguish the different formations due to the transitional nature of the interfingering clastic and carbonate facies. Eocene sequences Eocene deposits of Somaliland consist of massive limestones of Auradu and Karkar formations separated by massive to banded gypsum and anhydrites. This is the result of Eocene seas transgressing from the east depositing Auradu lime stones. Periodic regression in the Middle Eocene resulted in evaporatic conditions, which led to the deposition of the Anhydrite (Taleh) series. Further transgression in the Upper Eocene caused the deposition of marine cherty limestone of Karkar formation. Figure 2 Simplified geological map of Somaliland (modified from Abbate et al., 1993) showing positions of oil wells drilled and major sedimentary basins in the country Legend of wells are: (1) Zeila-I, (2) Zeila-2, (3) Zeila-3, (4) Zeila-4, (5) Heemal-l (6) Berbera-1, (7) Dagah Shabel-1, (8) Dagah Shabel-2, (9) Dagah Shabel-3, (10) Biyo Dader-1, (11) Las Dureh-I (12) Bur Dab-I, (13) Yaguri-I, (14) Las Anod-1, (15) Burhisso-1, (16) Nogal-1 (17) Faro Hills-I, (18) Hedad-1, (19) Buran-1 (20) Dab Qua-I, and (21) Bandar Harshau-1. Also shown are concessions held by various oil companies in the early I990s and the location of the seismic profile in Fig. 7. Figure 3 General stratigraphic column of Somaliland showing essential petroleum systems in the country. Oligocene-Miocene rift sequences Oligocene and Miocene sediments are mostly restricted to narrow and isolated sub-basins along the coastal belt border ing the Gulf of Aden, occasionally extending inland in low lying regions. They deposited in localized grabens caused by the rifting of the Gulf of Aden. They consist of a thick (up to 2500 m) syn-rift sequence of red-brown, green sand, silts, and gypsiferous sandstone. These sediments are almost entirely terrigenous deposited in lagoon, delta, and alluvial environments. The best outcrops of Oligocene-Miocene sediments occur in Daban basin (south-east of Berbera) which is a down-faulted rotated block bordering the Somaliland plateau (Fig. 2). A summary of the stratigraphy of Somaliland is given in Fig. 3. This figure shows the major formations, general thicknesses, and known occurrences of oil shows in these rocks. Figure 4. Gahodleh shale, Bihendula area, south of Berbera Exploration history Petroleum exploration in the country began in 1912 when an oil seep at Dagah Shabel, 38 km south-east of Berbera, was reported. In 1959 Standard Vacuum (Mobil and Esso) drilled three dry wells (Dagah Shabel-1, -2, and -3) near the Dagah Shabel oil seep, without the aid of subsurface control. One of the wells recovered free oil from the Wanderer limestone (Upper Jurassic) and Nubian sandstone (Upper Cretaceous). However, no oil was recovered from the follow-up wells. Interest in oil exploration recommenced in the late 1970s and, in 1980, GECO conducted an extensive offshore speculative seismic survey in the Gulf of Aden for the Somali government. In the same year a vast concession known as the Guban concession was awarded to a consortium consisting of two oil companies, the Quintana Oil Company and Hunt Oil Company. They conducted a detail exploration programme which included an aeromagnetic survey and a seismic programme over onshore blocks 32 and 35. However, after two years they relinquished the concession. Exploration interest in the country intensified in the mid 1980s during which most of the concessions were awarded to different oil companies (Fig. 2). The Hunt and Quintana concession was divided into two with one part awarded to Chevron and the other to a partnership of Amoco and International Petroleum Corporation. Phillips and Agip also held concessions in the country. Shell was awarded an offshore concession which encompassed most of the Gulf of Aden coastline. However, it relinquished that in 1984 after the failure of two wells (Bandar Harshau-1 and Dab Qua-1), although oil shows were encountered in pre-rift Eocene carbonates and post-rift clastics. The two wells were drilled in block M-10 in water depths of around 300 m. All of the oil companies operating in the country at the time including Amoco, Chevron, Agip, and Conoco declared force majeure on 11 July, 1989 due to continued civil unrest. Hydrocarbon plays The most compelling evidence that oil and gas accumulations may exist in Somaliland, as illustrated in Figs. 4-7, include: Occurrence of oil seeps at Dagah Shabel. Very good oil shows from several zones in most of the wells drilled including Dagah Shabel wells, Biyo Darer-1, Bandar Harshau-1, and Dab Qua-1. Occurrence of mature oil-prone source beds with sufficient levels of organic carbon, together with potential reservoir rocks and structures in a variety of geological settings. A number of Jurassic rift basins as well as Oligocene- Miocene sedimentary basins. These include Berbera/Guban (conjugate of Balhaf basin, Yemen), Daban, Las Dureh, Raguda, Al Mado (conjugate of the Masilah basin in Yemen ), and Nogal basins. Widespread and appreciable thickness of porous and permeable reservoir rocks together with sealing rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary in age. Evidence of structural growth during Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary times, which resulted in the formation of structural and stratigraphic traps. The lack of success in the early exploration wells drilled in Somaliland is primarily due to the complexity of the subsurface geology, and the lack of subsurface control by seismic data. Somaliland is a region of relatively abrupt lateral changes of stratigraphy that is related to the rifting and differential vertical movement during Mesozoic and Tertiary times (Ali, 2005). From post-drill analysis of the failed wells, the majority were as a result of poorly defined trap, thin, or absent reservoir, or due to the seal being either thin or absent. In addition, several of the wells were almost certainly stratigraphic tests. These include Zaila-1, Zaila-2, Las Dureh-1, and Dagah Shabel-3. Source rock potential The country contains several good quality source rocks which have potential for hydrocarbon generation (Table 1). Jurassic Numerous excellent quality source rocks of Jurassic age are known in outcrops along the coastal margin, including Bihendula area. Gahodleh and Daghani shales are the most important source rocks in the area (Fig. 4). Field investigations in Bihendula area (during July 2005) demonstrated that the Jurassic formations extend approximately 10 km along an east-west striking sequence of limestone ridges and shale valleys that dip generally south at about 17° (Fig. 5). The shales are dark to medium gray kerogen-rich fossiliferous claystones that have fine texture (Fig. 4). It is likely, therefore, that these shales have played an important part in the generation of hydrocarbon in the area. The 28 barrels of 32.2° API oil recovered from the Wanderer limestone in the Dagah Shabel-1 well supports this suggestion. Offshore wells have also indicated good source rocks of Jurassic age. For example, Dab Qua-1 well intersected shales of Daghani formation that had TOCs in the range of 0.53-1.18%. The results of the hydrocarbon source potential evaluation are summarized in Table 1. As indicated in the table, the composition of the kerogen in samples of Gahodleh and Daghani shales is primarily amorphous (Type I), which are algal remains that have greatest oil source potential. Figure 5 Southerly dipping Jurassic sequence of Gawan limestone overlying Daghani shale, Bihendula area. Cretaceous The Upper Cretaceous shales of Yesomma formation contain fair to good source potential. In both the Bandar Harshau-1and Dab Qua-1 wells, shales in the Yesomma formation had shown good source potential with TOC up to 5%. Eocene-Oligocene The offshore well of Dab Qua-1 encountered a very good potential source rock of 15 m thick and TOC of 3%. In addition, good potential source rocks which had TOC of 11.3% outcrop in the Daban basin, although the succession is immature. Table 1 Potential source rocks in Somaliland. Age and Unit Sample Type TOC (%) Comments Bihendula Jurassic ( Upper Daghani shale) Outcrop 2.01 Good oil source; Type = Amorphous algal; Hydrogen Index = 537 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 11.47 kg/ton; Vitrinite Reflectance = 0.5-1.0. Jurassic (Gahodleh shale) Outcrop 1.43 Fair oil source; Hydrogen Index = 434 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 6.76 kg/ton; Vitrinite Reflectance = 0.4-0.9. Dagah Shabel Jurassic (Calcareous shale) Dagah Shabel cuttings 0.75 Good oil source; Type = Amorphous algal; HC/Non HC = 0.57; Vitrinite Reflectance = 0.6. Jurassic (Daghani shale) Dagah Shabel cuttings 0.46 Fair to good source for condensate and gas; Type = Amorphous; HC/Non HC = 0.44. Daban Basin Eocene/Oligocene (Lignite from lower Daban Series) Outcrop 11.3 Potential gas; immature; Hydrogen Index = 104 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 12.17 kg/ton; Vitrinite Reflectance = 0.4. Bandar Harshau-1 Upper Miocene (syn-rift shale) Bandar Harshau-1 cuttings (650 m) 1.92 Potential gas and oil; immature, Hydrogen Index = 268 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 5.41 kg/ton; No Vitrinite Reflectance. Upper Cretaceous (Yesomma shale) Bandar Harshau-1 cuttings (2271 m) 3.26 Overmature; Hydrogen Index = 17 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 0.84 kg/ton; Vitrinite Reflectance = 1.0; Type II/III organic matter. Cretaceous (shale) Bandar Harshau-1 cuttings (2268 m) 1.1 Hydrogen Index = 35 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 0.48 kg/ton. Lower Cretaceous (shale) Bandar Harshau-1 cuttings (2376 m) 1.26 Hydrogen Index = 21 mg/g; Genetic Potential = 0.35 kg/ton; Type III organic matter. Dab Qua-1 Middle Eocene (15 m thick shale) Dab Qua-1 cuttings 3 Very good oil source; Type I organic matter. Upper Cretaceous, Yesomma shale Dab Qua-1 cuttings 5 Good oil and gas source; Type II; Genetic Potential = 8 kg/ton. Jurassic (Daghani shale) Dab Qua-1 cuttings 0.53- 1.18 Fair oil and gas source; Type II/III organic matter; thin shale (6 m); Type I/II organic matter. Thermal maturation and migration Maturity levels of the source rocks vary from early to post-mature (Table 1). The Jurassic units (Gahodleh and Daghani shales), and possibly the Eocene units in the offshore areas, which may contain multiple source sequences, are situated within the oil window and are highly prospective for oil and gas. In addition, thermal modelling of the Gulf of Aden has identified a number of offshore kitchen areas that have excellent source potential (Bott et al., 1992). Furthermore, seismic and well data suggest both structural migration and strati-graphic migration are operative in these locations (Fig. 6). However, in general the potential Oligocene-Miocene source rocks are likely to be immature to early-mature for the majority of the onshore areas. Reservoir rocks The sedimentary strata of Somaliland contain numerous reservoirs within the pre-syn- and post-rift rocks of the Gulf of Aden. Reservoir rocks for the pre-rift sequence include both carbonates (Eocene and Cretaceous-Jurassic) and sandstones (Cretaceous and basal Jurassic). Reservoir rocks in syn- and post-rift sequences are principally sandstones with secondary carbonate reservoirs. Jurassic Two onshore wells, Dagah Shabel-2 and Biyo Dader-1, intersected 191 m and 160 m of sandstones in the Adigrat respectively. Porosity of the sandstones was variable, but as high as 15%. At Dagah Shabel-2 they produced fresh water. The reservoir potential of the Middle-Upper Jurassic deposits of Bihen, Wandere, and Gawan limestones is also good. Figure 6 Idealized north-south cross section of Biyo Darer area showing the elements of the petroleum systems. The dia gram depicts three potential migration scenarios: (1) Vertical migration from potential Jurassic source rocks into overlying Cretaceous Nubian formation, (2) Lateral migration from Jurassic source rocks into overlying Jurassic reservoirs, (3) Lateral migration from Jurassic source rocks into underlying Lower Jurassic Adigrat formation. Cretaceous In the Upper Cretaceous, good clastic reservoirs have been recognized. Dagah Shabel-1 well intersected very thick (790 m) fine to coarse-graded fluvial sands of the Nubian (Yesomma) formation. The well encountered two highly porous sand units where small quantities (four barrels) of good quality (33.6° API) oil were recovered. In the offshore, the Bandar Harshau-1 well penetrated 536 m of Upper Cretaceous sediments of restricted shallow marine environment that had porosities of up to 14%. Tertiary (Eocene-Oligocene) Clastics and carbonates of Eocene-Oligocene age also offer reservoir possibilities in syn- and post-rift traps. In the offshore, the Dab Qua-1 well penetrated a total of 183 m of Auradu limestone that have oil shows. Bandar Harshau-1 well also had minor oil and gas shows. Traps In Somaliland, there is no evidence of large-scale compressive folding like that of north-eastern Arabia. However, at many localities in the country, minor folds are known to occur which are believed to have been caused either by rejuvenation of old fault blocks or drag along major faults parallel to the Gulf of Aden. Such folds are mainly confined to the Guban region where the intensity of the faulting has been very much greater than in the plateau. One such example is the minor folds recorded in the Dagah Shabel district, close to the Dagah Shabel fault. As a result the primary structural traps in the country are rollover anticlines associated with major growth faults that become listric above the pre-rift section. Stratigraphic traps are also important, particularly in the offshore areas where thick successions of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments were eroded. The seismic profile across the Dagah Shabel and Daban basin, as seen in Fig. 7, provides a sample of the type and density of structures present in the area. The figure illustrates the trapping styles in the area. In addition, the general magnitude of area of uplift of some of the structures might be a guide to possible structural size. Seals The country has ideal conditions for seal development. Seals are constituted principally by interbedded shales for the Jurassic and Cretaceous sequences, with Eocene anhydrites also forming a regional seal. For the syn-rift sequence of Gulf of Aden Oligocene, anhydrites and interbedded shales are the main seals. Comparison with Yemen The geology of Yemen shows many similarities with Somaliland. This can be supported by reconstructing the Arabian plate to the position before the opening of the Gulf of Aden when many basins in southern Yemen seem to extend to Somaliland. For example, the Balhaf graben appears to be a continuation of the Berbera basin, and Masila basin appears to be a continuation of Al Mado basin (Fig. 1). As in the case of the Jurassic basins in Somaliland, drilling within the Balhaf and Masila grabens have indicated the majority of basin infills are Jurassic and Cretaceous in age. Furthermore, significant accumulations of oil and gas have been found in Jurassic grabens in Yemen including the Masila basin. Therefore, exploration interest to date in Somaliland has centred on searching for Jurassic rifts similar to those in Yemen. Figure 7 Regional seismic profile crossing Dagah Shabel and Daban basin illustrating a graben structure of the Oligocene-Miocene units and the overall structural style of the area. Conclusions The available well, seismic, and outcrop data show that the potential for commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons in Somaliland is good. These data show that the hydrocarbons may have accumulated in numerous large tilted fault-blocks and isolated sub-basins. Jurassic rift basins form the main exploration plays. Secondary exploration targets include Oligocene-Miocene rift sequence of the Gulf of Aden together with underlying pre-rift Eocene carbonates. Hence, favourable hydrocarbon plays could exist over many thousands of untested square kilometres along the entire north coast and south-east of the country at various drilling depths. However, much more exploration work and exploratory drilling activities are needed especially in the basins adjacent to the Gulf of Aden to determine whether Oligocene-Miocene successions are mature. Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Abdirahman Yusuf and the Somaliland Ministry of Minerals and Water Resources for providing the seismic data, evaluation of source rocks, and supporting his visit to Somaliland in July 2005. He also wishes to thank the Petroleum Institute (Abu Dhabi) for supporting this work. *The Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE. E-mail: mali@pi.ac.ae References Abbate, E. Sagri, M. and Sassi, F.P. [1993] Geology and mineral resources of Somalia and surrounding regions (with a geological map of Somalia 1:1.500.000). In Abbate, E., Sagri, M., and Sassi, F.P. (Eds) 1st Intern. Meeting on the Geology of Somalia and Surrounding Regions (GEOSOM 87), Florence. Ali, M.Y. [2005] Petroleum geology and hydrocarbon potential of Somaliland. 67th EAGE Annual Meeting, Extended Abstracts, 283. Bosellini, A. [1992] The continental margins of Somalia. Geology and geophysics of continental margins. In Watkins, J.S., Zhiqiang, F., and McMillen, K.J. (Eds.). Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 53, 185-205. Tulsa, Oklahoma. Bott, W.F., Smith, B.A., Oakes, G., Sikander, A.H., and Ibrahim, A.I. [1992] The tectonic framework and regional hydrocarbon prospectively of the Gulf of Aden. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 15, 2, 211-243. MacFadyen, W.A. [1933] Geology of Somaliland. Government of the Somaliland protectorate. Smith, W. H. F. and Sandwell D. T. [1997] Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Science, 277, 1957-1962. Source: First published in first break volume 24, August 2006, © 2006 EAGE http://www.somalilandtimes.net/hydrocarbon_somaliland/somaliland_hydrocarbon_potential.htm