BROOKLYN, N.Y. (CN) – Two accused Somali pirates were arraigned in Brooklyn Wednesday on terrorism charges alleging they kidnapped and held a U.S. citizen hostage between January 2012 and September 2014. Source: Hiiraan Online

Reconciliation is a long process that encompasses all dimensions of peacebuilding in societies emerging from violent conflicts. The aim of reconciliation is to restore trust and mutual understanding between communities and societies. Source: Hiiraan Online

Muqdisho (SMN) – Akhristayaasheena ku xiran website-ka waxaan halkaan idin kugu soo gudbineynaa Barnaamijka Qubanaha Wararka Shabelle. Hoos riix si aad u dhageysato https://www.radioshabelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Bar___Qubanaha-23102019.mp3 View the full article

Qaran News

Muqdisho (Caasimada Online) – Saddax masuul oo ka tirsan maamulka degmada Kaaraan ee gobalka Banaadir ayaa joojiyay shaqadii ay ka hayeen dowladda Hoose ee Xamar kadib markii ay soo wajahday cabsi badan oo dhanka ammaanka. Guddoomiye Waaxeedyadii qaabilsanaa Waaxyaha kala ah Nageyle, Faanoole, Farjano ayaa joojiyay shaqadii ay hayeen, waxaana qaarkood la sheegay in ay ka baxeen magaalada Muqdisho halka qof kamid ahna uu magan u noqday masuul ka tirsan dowladda Soomaaliya oo xil sare haya. Caasimada Online ayaa ogaatay in guddoomihii Waaxda Farjano oo magaceeda lagu soo koobay Hani ay ka soo tagtay gurigeeda oo ku yaalla Kaaraan, waxayna meel kamid ah Muqdisho la joogtaa mas’uul ay qaraabo yihiin oo ka tirsan dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya. Sidoo kale Guddoomiyihii Waaxda Faanoole Fardowso Muxudiin ayaa joojisay shaqadii dowladda hoose ee gobalka Banaadir kadib markii ay soo waceen Al-Shabaab. islamarkaana ay uga digeen shaqada ay ku jirto. Fardowso waxay joojisay shaqada kadib markii maamulka gobalka u geysay in ay sii wadi karin shaqada waxayna sheegatay daruufo kale. Sidoo kale waxaa hore shaqada Waaxda Nageyle ee degmada Kaaraan ujoojiyay Daadir Maxamed Xasan, waxaana la sheegay in uu sababsaday hanjabaada Al-Shabaab. Masuuliyiin ka tirsan dowladda Hoose ee gobalka Banaadir ayaa qiray in masuuliyiin ay sababo amni shaqada u joojiyeen. Degmada Kaaraan ee gobalka Banaadir waxay ka mid aheyd degmooyinka ugu amni roon Muqdisho hadase waxaa lagu tiriyaa degmooyinka ay ka dhacaan dilalka ugu badan. Guddoomiye waaxeedyada gobalka Banaadir malahan ilaalo, sidoo kalane ma heestaan gaadiid waxayna qaarkood shaqada iyo danahooda kale ku aadaan gaadiid BL ah halka kuwa ugu roon ay kireestaan Bajaaj waxaana arimihaas ay qayb ka qaadanayaan halista ay wajahayaan. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho caasimada@live.com

Magaalada Sochi ee dalka Ruushka waxaa maanta ka furmay shirkii Madasha Iskaashiga Ruushka iyo Afrika. Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin iyo Madaxweyne Sharafeedka Afrika Abdulfataax Asiisi oo si wadajir ah u furay Madasha Iskaashiga Ruushka iyo Afrika ayaa tilmaamay muhiimadda shirkani u leeyahay dalalka Afrika iyaga oo xusay dhinacyada, dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada, kor u qaadista iskaashiga ganacsiga, socdaalka iyo dhisidda kaabeyaasha dhaqaalaha. Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo oo ka mid ah 43 hoggaamiye oo goobjoog ka ah shirka ayaa isaga iyo wafdigiisa inta ay ku sugan yihiin Ruushka waxa uu kulamo gaar ah la yeelan doonaan qaar ka mid ah Madaxda iyo maalgashadeyaasha ka qeyb galaya Madasha iyagoo u bandhigi doona fursadaha ka jira dalka Soomaaliya. Madashan oo ah tii ugu horreysay oo Ruushku soo qaban qaabiyo waxaa ka qeyb galaya seddax kun oo Ergo oo ka kala socota dalalka Afrika iyo Ruushka. Shirkan ayaa socon doona 23-ka ilaa 24-ka bishan iyada oo la filayo in qodobo kasoo baxaan. PUNTLAND POST The post Shirkii Madasha Iskaashiga Ruushka iyo Afrika oo furmay appeared first on Puntland Post.

Gudiga KMG ah ee Doorashooyinka oo dhowaan lamagacaabay ayaa maanta waxay u yeereen qaar kamid ah Siyaasiyiinta muga weyn ku leh Puntland si ay ula [...] Source

Somaliland: Are Our Leaders Serious About Democracy? Once again, Somaliland’s three political parties, Kulmiye, Waddani and UCID have fallen into disagreement. This time it is about the membership of the new Somaliland National Elections Commission (NEC). The Somaliland constitutions clearly states that the three political parties in the country may nominate to the NEC members of the society “who are not official members of the party”. These new nominees can be supporters who share the same political philosophy or eminent persons. The President, Muse Bihi Abdi’s nomination to the new NEC of a fully-fledged party member does not seem valid. However, the stance taken by the other political parties doesn’t help matters. We have come this far through, dialogue, discussion and consensus. There has to be a “give and take” in order for the nation to move forward. It would seem that our current political leadership has no desire to see any parliamentary or local council elections to take place in the country. So, this begs the question, why don’t they want the vote to take place? Our parliament’s mandate has badly expired. It has been sitting for 14 years! Ten of these years have been on extensions. It is out of gas, out of ideas, out of everything. It has become a place for members, when they even bother to show, just to draw their monthly wages or fly on political junkets abroad! It is not even clear which members belong to which party! Are they Kulmiye, Waddani, UCID or even UDUB? The local councils have become a place for graft and corruption on an unprecedented level. Local people”s taxes are being used, allegedly, to buy land, businesses, villas and farms! The House of Elders (Guurti) has become senile. Our elders have taken to fighting each other in the chamber! This is the supreme legislative body in the country! It has been sitting for close to three decades. It is badly in need of reform. Yet, it is now even unable to get involved in local disputes, such as Ceel-Afweyne, Eastern Sanaag or other national crisis, because it is also out of gas, ideas and purpose. What keeps Somalilanders together is a sense of shared beliefs, ties and outlook. If we cannot give our citizens the franchise to elect new members of parliament and local councils and reform our House of Elders, it will have a domino effect on all other national institutions. Enough with the delays, obfuscations and political shenanigans. Come together for the sake of the country and let’s get ready for free and fair elections. The people of Somaliland will not accept the current status-quo. We need to remain united and strong. And we can only achieve that through democracy. Qarannews Qaran News

Kigali (Caasimada Online) – Shirkadda DP World ee Imaaraadka Carabta ayaa sheegtay in xiisadda kala dhaxeysa dowladda Jabuuti ay dhaawac xooggan oo dhaqaale u gaysatay shirkadda. Guddoomiyaha DP World, Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem ayaa sheegay in shirkadda ay dhib kala kulmeysay inay lacag ka amaahato bankiyada tan iyo markii dowladda Jabuuti ay la wada wareegtay dekedda Doraleh oo ay shirko ku ahaayeen. “Waxaan sameynnaa maal-gelin balse qiimo badan ayaa nooga baxaya. Taasi waa dhaawac” ayuu yiri Sultan Ahmed oo ku sugan magaalada Kigali ee dalka Rwanda, halkaasi oo shirkaddiisa ay 35 milyan oo dollar ku mala-gelineyso xarun cusub oo ganacsi. “Waxaa yaraaday bankiyadii lacagta na deemin jiray. Banki kasta oo lacag na deymin lahaa waxa uu leeyahya ‘ka waran haddii dalka aad maal-gashanaysaan uu idinku sameeyo sida Jabuuti?’, marka Jabuuti waddo xun ayay noo furtay” ayuu yiri Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. Dowladda Jabuuti ayaa dekedda Doraleh kala wareegtay DP World, oo wax ka maal-gashatay, bishii Febraayo ee 2018, sababo la xiriira muran soo socday ilaa 2012. DP World ayaa sharci darro ku tilmaamtay la-wareegistaas, waxaana Maxkamadda London ee Dhex-dhexaadinta Caalamiga ah ay bishii August 2018 xukmisay in qandaraaska DP World uu yahay mid sax ah oo aysan Jabuuti ka bixi karin. Jabuuti waa ay diiday go’aanka maxkamadda. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Nairobi caasimada@live.com

Muqdisho (SMN) – Xildhibaanada Golaha Shacabka BJFS ayaa Maanta yeeshay kulankoodii 3aad ee Kalfadhiga 6aad. Kusimaha Guddoomiyaha Ahna Guddoomiye kuxigeenka 1aad ee Golaha Shacabka Mudane Cabdiwali Ibraahim Sheikh Muudey oo uu Hareer fadhiyay Guddoomiye kuxigaanka 2aad ee Golaha Shacabka Mudane Mahad Cabdalla Cawad ayaa Maanta Shir-gudoomiyay Kulanka Guud ee Golaha Shacabka. Ugu horeyntii Guddoomiyaha ayaa Xildhibaanada ka Codsaday in ay Ansixiyaan Ajandaha kulanka. Intaas kadib waxaa la guda galay Ajandaha Kulanka oo kal koobnaa dhowr qodob oo kala ah Akhrinta 1aad Axdiga ilalinta Hanti- Dhaqameedka Xiliyadda Colaada iyo Akhrinta 1aaad ee ka mid noqoshada Hay’ada Damaanad qaadka Maalgashiga Darafyada badan. View the full article

(SLT-Hargeysa)-Wasiirka wasaaradda warfaafinta Somaliland Maxamed Muuse Diiriye ayaa jawaab kulul ka bixiyay hadal shalay ka soo yeedhay guddoomiyaha xisbiga mucaaridka ah ee WADDANI Dr. Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdillaahi Cirro oo eedaymo culus u jeediyay Madaxweyne Muuse Biixi, Halkan hoose ka DAAWO Source

Muqdisho (SMN) – Ra’iisul Wasaaraha xukuumadda federaalka Soomaaliya (XFS), mudane Xasan Cali Khayre, ayaa xafiiskiisa ku qaabilay wafdi heerkiisu sarreeyo oo ka socda qaramada midoobay iyo midawga Afrika oo maanta booqasho ku yimid dalka. Ku-xigeenka xoghayaha guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, Amina Mohamed iyo ergayga gaarka ah ee midawga Afrika u qaabishan arrimaha haweenka nabadda iyo amniga, MMe Bineta Diop, ayaa hoggaaminayay wafdiga. Kulanka ay wada qaateen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha iyo wafdiga ka socday Qaramada midoobay iyo midawga Afrika oo ay goob joog ka aheyd wasiirka haweenka iyo xuquuqul Insaanka DFS, ayaa looga hadlay dhismaha nabadda, xallinta khilaafaadka iyo sare u qaadidda dowrka haweenka ee ka qeyb galka siyaasadda. Amina Mohamed iyo MMe Bineta Diop ayaa uga mahad celiyay soo dhaweynta, waxa ayna bogaadiyeen guulaha muuqda ee lagu tillaabsanayo ee dhanka amniga, dhismaha nabadda, xuquul insaanka iyo dhiirri gelinta haweenka. View the full article

Wajeer (Caasimadda Online) – Xildhibaanka baarlamanka Kenya ee laga soo doorto Wajeer, Faadumo Geedi ayaa talaaladii shalay aheyd Maxkamadda horteeda ka sheegtay in jir ahaan uu u weeraray Xildhibaanka Bariga Wajeer Cabdirashiid Qaasim kadib markii ay ku kala aragti duwanaadeen qoondeyntii miisaaniyada ee bishii Juun ee 2019-ka. Faadumo Geedi ayaa sheegtay inay aad uga naxday markii ay aragtay Xildhibaanka Bariga Wajeer Cabdirashiid Qaasim oo feer la dhacayo isla markaasna uu dhaawac culus oo keenay jab uu kasoo gaaray Daanka. Waxay xustay inay dhacdadu dhalisay mudaaharaad aad u xun oo ka imaanaya Haweenka ku jiro baarlamaanka, kuwaasoo ka dhiidhiyay khudbaddii miisaaniyadda. Waxay maxkamadda horteeda ka sheegtay inay aad u qeylisay markii uu dilayey sidaas ay kusoo kala dhex gashay Gladys Wanga oo ah haweeney Baarlamaanka kasoo gashay Homa Bay. Waxay u sheegtay garsooraha in Rashiid, oo lagu soo oogay dacwad inuu dilay uu ka cawday qoondeyn lacageed laakiin Ms Geedi waxay ku jawaabtay in gobolka oo dhan loo qoondeeyay Sh100m oo keliya. “Eedeysanuhu wuxuu ii sheegay in aan caddaalad ahayn markaas kadibna wuu I dharbaaxay,” ayay tiri Marwo Faadumo Gedi. Waxay sheegtay in dhacdadaasi ay sharaf dhac ku keentay isla markaana ay codsatay in la helo caddaalad. “Aniga ahaan dhacdadan waxay ii ahayd niyad jab maahan sidii naag ahaan ee waa xaas ahaan iyo hooyo ahaan ….. Waxaan baryayaa in aan helo caddaalad, maahan in dacwadda loo qaado sida qof haween ama hoggaamiye oo kale. Waxaan ahay hooyo halka aan ka imidna ma ahan wax fudud in aad hoggaamiye ka noqoto ”ayay tiri Faadumo. Waxay sheegtay inay qortay qoraal caddeynayo wixii gaaray ka hor inta aan lagu daaweyn Isbitaalka Karen. Dhanka kale Xildhibaanka Bariga Wajeer Cabdirashiid Qaasim ayaa inkiray inuu wax xad gudub ah ku sameeyey Xildhibaan Faadumo. Ugu dambeyntii Maxkamadda ayaa damiin kusii deysay Cabdirashiid Qaasim waxaana mar kale dib la isugu soo laaban doonaa dhageysiga dacwadda. Faadumo Geedi iyo Qaasim ayaa is-dhaafsadeen erayo kulul mudadii uu socday kulankii Baarlamaam ee dhacay 13 June ee sanadkaan ka hor inta uusan gacan ka hadalka bilaabin mudanaha bariga Wajeer laga soo doorto. Sidda laga soo xigtay wargeyska The Star, Xildhibaanka ayaa dalbaday in uu ogaado sababta Geedi, oo kamid ah Guddiga Miisaaniyadda, aysan wax lacag ah ugu qoodaynin degaankiisa. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com

Muqdisho (SMN) – Dhageystayaasha idaacada Shabelle ee ku taxan website-keena waxaan halkaan hoose idin kugu soo gudbineynaa warka Habeen. Hoos riix si aad udhageysato https://www.radioshabelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Warka-Habeen-23102019.mp3 View the full article

Raysal wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiye Ahmed ayaa wuxuu kulan la qaatay Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin,kulankaas ayaa looga hadlay Amaanka Geeska Afrika gaar ahaan Soomaaliya. Itoobiya waxay [...] Source

A delegation led by Somali President, Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo has arrived in President Farmajo arrives in the black sea resort city of Sochi for the Russia-Africa summit on Tuesday. The head of state and his delegation were welcomed by Russia officials upon arrival at Sochi International Airport. The President is accompanied by Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ahmed Isse Awad his Defense counterpart, Hassan Mohamed Amardambe and among other senior officials. During his time in Sochi, the President and his delegation are scheduled to conduct sideline meetings with leaders and heads of governments from Africa to discuss issues of mutual interests between their nations. The Russian President Vladimir Putin and Egyptian President and African Union Chairman Abdelfattah Al Sisi co-chair the Russia–Africa Summit which will be held on 23–24 October 2019 at Sirius Park of Science and Art. The summit is the first event of its kind in the history of Russian-African relations to which the head of every African state and the leaders of major regional associations and organizations have been invited. The Summit plenary sessions will look to discuss a wide range of issues on the international agenda and to compare views on pressing issues of vital interest to Russia and Africa. View the full article

Addis Ababa (Caasimada Online) – Boqolaal taageerayaal ah ayaa maanta isugu soo ururay dibedda guriga Jawaar Mohamed oo ah nin u dhaqaaqa bulshada Oromada, oo ay ishayaan dowladda uu hoggaamiyo ra’iisul wasaare Abiy Ahmed. Arrintan ayaa imanaysa maalin kadib markii ciidamada ammaanka ay hareereeyeen guriga Jawaar kadib markii ra’iisul wasaare Abiy Ahmed uu u digay “dadka haysta baasaboorada ajnabiga ah ee leh warbaahinta.” Jawaar oo haysta baasaboor Mareykan ah ayaa leh warbaahinta Oromia Media Network. Taageerayaasha oo boqol gaarayaa ayaa ayaga oo ku sugan dibedda guriga Jawaar ee caasimadda Addis-Ababa waxay ku qeylinayeen erayo ay ku taageerayaan isaga, islamarkaana ka dhan ah ra’iisul wasaare Abiy Ahmed. In ka badan labaatan askari oo booliska federaalka ah ayaa habeenkii talaadada hareeyey gurigiisa, kuna qasbay ilaaladiisa inay guriga isaga tagaan. Ma cadda sababta guriga Jawaar loo hareereeyey, hase yeeshee saacado ka hor tallaabadaas, Abiy Ahmed oo baarlamanka la hadlay ayaa isaga oo aan magac sheegin u digay dadka leh warbaahinta. “Kuwa leh warbaahinta ee aan haysan baasaboorka Itoobiya, waxay jiraan labada dhinac. Marka ay nabad dhacdo halkan ayay joogaan, marka uu dhib dhacana halkaas.” Ayuu yiri Abiy. “Waxaan isku daynay inaan u dulqaadanno. Hase yeeshee tani haddii ay waxyeeleyneyso nabadda iyo jiritaanka Itoobiya, haddii aad ku hadasho Amharic ama Oromiffa, midkee doontaba, tallaabo ayaan kaa qaadaynaa.” Ayuu yiri Abiy. Amharic iyo Oromiffa waa labada luuqad ee ay kula kala hadlaan labada qowmiyad ee ugu dadka badan Itoobiya ee Amxaarada iyo Oromada. Jawar oo aaminsan qadiyad aan rabshad wadan oo ah in Oromada mar walba kow tahay, ayaa Itoobiya kusoo laabtay bishii August ee sanadkii tagay, isaga oo kasoo tagay Mareykanka. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Addis Ababa caasimada@live.com

Maalmahaan waxaavxoogaystay Khilaafka ka dhex Aloosan Abaabulka Doorashada Galmudug, waxaa lasoo saaray laba Gudi oo iskasoo horjeedaa. Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Hussein (Odowaa) iyo Kamaal Daahir Xasan [...] Source

(SLT-Addis Ababa)-Saddex qof oo ayaa ku dhintay dibadbaxyo rabshado wata oo ka dhacay Itoobiya halka tiro shacab ah ay ku dhaawaceen, sida saraakiil maxalli ah ay BBC u sheegeen. Dibadbaxyada ayaa lagaga soo horjeeday raysal wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Axmed. Laboa qof oo kamid ahaa dadkiii dibadbaxyada ka dhigayay magaalada Adama ayaa lagu dilay halkaas halka hal qofna uu ku dhintay magaalada bariga ku taalla ee Harar, sida ay saraakiisha sheegayaan. Halka saddex qof oo dibadbaxyaal ahna lagu dhaawacay magaalada Ambo oo dhacdo galbeed magaalada caasimadda ah ee Addis Ababa. Waxaa la xidhay waddooyinka ku yaalla gobolka Oromiya iyo waddooyinka gala Addis Ababa. Dadka dibadbaxyada dhigaya waxay tageero u muujinayay Jawar Maxamed oo ku eedeeyay dowladda inay ilaaladiisa kala noqonayso. Source

Madaxweynaha dalka Rushia Vladimir Putin ayaa ku dhawaaqay maanta in dalkiisu uu cafiyay dhamaan deymihii uu ku lahaa wadamada Afrika, dayntaas oo gaaraysay in ka badan $20 bilyan. Tilaabadaan oo u muuqata mid Rushia uu kusoo dhoweysanayo dalalka Qaarada Aftika, ayaa ujeedada loo cafiyay lagu sheegay in looga golleeyahay si looga caawiyo Afrika in ay ka baxaan saboolnimada. Hogaamiyaha Ruushka ayaa ku dhawaaqay hadalkaan kadib kulan uu la qaatay madaxweynaha Guinea Alpha Condé. Vladimir Putin wuxuu intaas ku daray in sanadkii 2016, Russia ay u qoondeysay $ 5 milyan dollar wadamada afrika iyadoo loo sii marinayo Ururka midowga Afrika (AU) iyo Ururka Cunnada iyo Beeraha Qaramada Midoobay (WFP). Soomaaliya ayaa kamid ah wadamada uu Ruushku ku leeyahay deymaha lacageed, waxaana dalkaas ku sugan madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo oo ka qeyb galaya shirka Rushia iyo Afrika. PUNTLAND POST The post Ruushka oo cafiyay deymihii uu ku lahaa dalalka Afrika. appeared first on Puntland Post.

Wasiirka Beeraha iyo Cimilada Ismacii Gamadiid oo booqasho ku jooga Dalka Australia ayaa wuxuu kulan is xogwaraysi ah la yeesheen Masuuliyiinta Jaaliyada apuntland ee Magaalada [...] Source

Dhuusamareeb (Caasimada Online) – Qaar ka mid ah musharraxiinta u taagan hoggaanka sare ee dowlad goboleedka Galmudug ayaa maanta ka hadlay khilaafka ka taagan dhismaha guddiga farsamada doorashada iyo khilaafaadka maamulkaasi. Musharraxiinta Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Xuseen (Odowaa ) iyo Kamaal Daahir Xasan (Guutaale) ayaa si wadajir war uga soo saaray khilaafka ragaadiyey guddigaasi. Ugu horreyn musharraxiinta ayaa shaaciyey in khilaafkani uu saameyey soo xulista xildhibaanada baarlamaanka labaad ee Galmudug iyo doorashada maamulkaasi. Sidoo kale waxa ay ka digeen kala jeedasho geedi socodka howlaha doorashada, maadaama laba guddi looga kala dhawaaqay Dhuusamareeb iyo Muqdisho. Waxa kale oo musharraxiinta Odowaa iyo Gutaale ay sheegeen in loo baahan yahay xilkasnimo, talo wadaag iyo isku garaabid saldhig u noqon kara maamul mid ah. Ugu dambeyn waxa ay ugu baaqeen beesha caalamka inay muujiso aragtideeda ku aadan sidii loo heli lahaa hanaan loo dhan yahay oo quseeya dhismaha Galmudug. Hadalkan ayaa ku soo aadaya, iyadoo maanta guddiga farsamada ee ay magacowday dowladda dhexe oo ka kooban 13 xunood uu gaaray Dhuusamareeb, halka magaaladaasi ay dhowaan Ahlu Sunna uga dhawaaqaday guddi kale oo isna ka kooban 11 xubnood. Halkan hoose ka aqriso:

(SLT-Hargeysa)-Afhayeenka Madaxweynaha Oo Ku Murgayday Su’aalo Kulul Oo Warbaahintu Waydiisay, Halkan hoose ka DAAWO Source

(SLT-Hargeysa)-Muuqaal Murugo Iyo Argagax Leh Oo Ka Ilmaysiin Doona Oo Laga Duubay Qoyska Madaxwayne Biixi Iyo Danyar Dhul Isku Haysta, Halkan hoose ka DAAWO Source

(SLT-Hargeysa)-Xildhibaan Axmed Diiriye Nacnac oo dood ka dhiibanayay golaha wakiillada ayaa si adag uga hadlay xaaladda uu dalka marayo, Halkan hoose ka DAAWO Source