Illyria

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Posts posted by Illyria

  1. Posted

    Statement by Special Representative of the Secretary-General Catriona Laing to the Security Council on the situation in Somalia

    Political developments

    Madam President, I will begin with an update on political developments.

    The National Consultative Council (NCC) proposals of 27 May on the proposed new electoral model continue to be debated intensely. On the positive side, there is broad public support for the transition to One-Person, One-Vote (OPOV) elections, but there is also a realisation that the timelines proposed by the NCC are too ambitious. The UN is working with the Ministry of Interior Federal Affairs and Reconciliation to develop a realistic plan which will ensure the momentum towards OPOV is maintained.

    We welcome the recent approval by Parliament of the procedural rules for constitutional changes. This sets a clear pathway on process. It is now urgent to reach an inclusive consensus on the electoral framework. On the constitution, we encourage all parties to engage in the spirit of compromise to finalise the process. Without an agreed constitution, Somalia remains vulnerable to perennial crises with no agreed rules of the game to enable resolution.

    I commend the people of the Federal Member State of Puntland on the peaceful conclusion of the electoral process on 8 January 2024. President Said Abdullahi Deni – the sixth President of Puntland – was re-elected by the Puntland State Assembly to a second term in office. The presence of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and three Federal Member State Presidents at the inauguration on 25 January was a positive signal. We hope this has created the foundation for a reset of dialogue with full re-engagement of President Deni in the NCC process. The planned Garowe conference on the future of Somalia could be an important part of this reset, with the opportunity for wider consultation with key stakeholders, including women and youth.

    In Laascaanood and the Sool region, the situation has remained calm since the violence of November 2023. There is, however, no formal ceasefire. We continue to urge all parties to work towards an immediate exchange of detainees, a commitment to no further violence and to start dialogue to address the underlying drivers of the conflict. We continue to provide humanitarian assistance to those affected and to support the de-mining and early recovery.

    unsc_srsg_state.jpg

    Statement by Special Representative of the Secretary-General Catriona Laing to the Security Council on the situation in Somalia | UNSOM

    UNSOM.UNMISSIONS.ORG
    (As delivered, New York, 19 February 2024) Madam President, Distinguished Members of the Security Council, I welcome this...

     

  2. Posted

    Defence and Security are also taking a good shape.
     

    Polish_20240211_090229351.jpg?w=709&ssl=

    Hoggaamiyaha SSC-khaatumo Cabdiqaadir Axmed Aw Cali Firdhiye ayaa xalay Talis iyo Hoggaanno cusub u magacaabay Ciidanka Daraawiishta SSC.

    Taliyaha guud ee Ciidanka Daraawiishta SSC-khaatumo ayaa loo magacaabay S/guuto Saleebaan Barre Geesood halka Taliye ku xigeenka loo magacaabay G/sare Cabdifitaax Maxamed Aadan.

    G/sare Maxamed Saleebaan Caabbi ayaa loo magacaabay Hoggaanka Hawlgelinta Ciidanka Daraawiishta SSC-khaatumo halka G/sare Cabdirashiid Axmed Nuur loo magacaabay Hoggaanka Taakulaynta Ciidanka.

    G/sare Bacayees Aadan Nuur ayaa loo magacaabay Hoggaanka Ciidanka Daraawiishta SSC halka G/sare Baaruud Muuse Maxamed loo magacaabay Hoggaanka Maamulka iyo Maaliyadda Ciidanka SSC-khaatumo.

     

    Polish_20240211_090229351.jpg

    Hoggaamiye Firdhiye oo Talis iyo Hoggaanno cusub u magacaabay Ciidamada SSC – Puntland Post

    PUNTLANDPOST.NET
    Hoggaamiyaha SSC-khaatumo Cabdiqaadir Axmed Aw Cali Firdhiye ayaa xalay Talis iyo Hoggaanno...

     

    • Like 2

  3. Posted

    a) The principle of shared sovereignty, at the Federal, State, and district levels, had been scrubbed where now almost all powers and decision making rest with, and lies within the Federal government institutions, where the principle of Federalism ONLY exists in name.

    b) The principle of check and balance had been scrubbed:

    • In the Executive, it was originally designed where powers and responsibilities for the Presidency and Premier are shared and split to introduce a requisite parity, where a leader could not overstep, or abuse Powers of the Office, but under the newly proposed:
    • The entire power rests in the Presidency with no oversight.
    • In the Legislature, the Senate ( the Upper Chamber - majlis al shuyukh) was intended as an oversight body, a safety net for the House of Representative in ratifying laws prior to their being passed, or becoming law. As recently transpired, the two have been collapsed as one with there being zero oversight. Under the current format, in principle, the function of the Senate is reduced to a name only.
    • The Judiciary, originally designed to oversee the other two branches of government, is yet to be formed.

    c) Under the monstrous National Security doctrine, backported from the dark military days, allows State security apparatus and agencies of the day to imprison citizens without legal representation, nor process, and with the Miranda rights now scrubbed, one could languish in prison for years, no questions asked.

  7. Posted

    3 hours ago, Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar said:

    Xasan Socdaal waala wada ogyahay qolo gaar ah ayuu necebyahay, mainly because he thinks they might interfere his dreamy grand ambitions. He also thinks qolodaas bas inay degaan Soomaali Galbeed iyo NFD, which is incorrect. Deep down, he really doesn't care dalka la sii kala gooy gooyo. Wants to be a big fish in a small tank. Saas u maangaabanyahay.

    Trully unfortunate, if sad.

    1 hour ago, Xaaji Xunjuf said:

    well the era of Somaliweyn under one group or goverment that ship has sailed. The only way there can ever be a Somaliweyn or  union of Somali republics is if there is equality and justice for all 5 equal not one above the other not one better then the other equality is the only way. The closest Somalis ever got or agreed on one thing was that at point the blue white star flag was a sort of ethnic Somali flag. Even that narrative has died in parts of the Somali peninsula in particular in Somaliland. Though some in Jabuuti might still subscibe to it. Now as for the NFD region kenyas north eastern  and Somali kilil  region this is even more complex the region is so divided after Abdi Ileey, though abtigiis has created some sort of harmony between the various communities and clans there.  And as he stepped in in the whole sitte war with affar that has shown some sort of Solidarity between the 2 major clan groups in that region. How ever we still not there.

    I must applaud you for once in your life thinking like a true nomad, a son of Somali . Well done, mate.

    1 hour ago, Xaaji Xunjuf said:

    The only way for Somaliweyn ever to materialise and i will say it again have said it before is in a sort of a union they feel happy in the french the belgium the dutch the germans fought a brutal civil war but they understood that together they can be  stronger which is fine Militarily Economically Financially Socially Geographically.

    [...]

    The sam way Djibouti Somalia and Somaliland can agree to live side by side  and then talk about maxa ina mdiideye maxa isku diidayna can we create one currency maybe yes freedom of movement why not.  Can we create a common parliament maxa diidaya hadanu is xaqdhoowrnay. can we create a joint  Military union why not  inago marka is xilqaamayna oo jaar ah oo walaalo ah oo is  ogol oo is ximinayn oo is xumayneyn we can fight for  Somali galbeed to be free from Ethiopia NFD TO BE  free from Kenya they themselves to become Separate countries and then join the bigger family of cooperation i would have suggested maybe we can call it The UNION OF Somali Republics.   U S R . no real borders maybe some political borders to manage it we can even create one passport hada la isla qaato,the sky is the limit how ever first thing first we need breathing space if fahan is ixtram is qadarin is ogalaansho mutual respect side by side no xad gudub no xumaan. One can only dream but we shall see if our grand childeren can do better indeed

    Just do me a small, tiny favour, please, could we just not ever mention colonial legacy? Not in name, nor in passing! And instead focus upon the Somali peninsula, and whatever political configuration or set-up is agreed upon, be it UAE style, German, US, UK, German etc, so be it.

    I personally prefer Ardu Somal / Dhul Somali (yeed). Pure and simple, Somali affairs ALONE!

    • Like 1

  8. Posted

    I would have said you were being harsh questioning his patriotism, but then I saw this clip recently, where he is equating Somalis in DDS and NFD with those in the diaspora, technically teaching kids in mainland Somalia that Somalis in occupied Somali territories are similar to refugees settled in the diaspora in foreign lands, in other words those territories are not ours.

     

  9. Posted

    Article 2: State & religion:
        In section (1) of the original constitution, it stated "Islam is the religion of the government" meaning government institutions, and by extension its laws, which has since been changed to "Islam is the religion of the country", meaning the people. Like many of the other diluted and modified Articles and sections indicate, this is backdoor entry point for secularism.

  11. Posted

    That is a critical factor you underscored, yet there are multitude of other underlying factors to consider from scarcity of immediately exploitable resources, dire deficiency in human capital to geopolitics to socio-economic to egalitarian nature of the nomadic lifestyle just to name a few. I am of the view the Somali peninsula has hit the rock bottom harder than any with the only direction from here onwards being upwards, and have greater hopes in the years to come.

    One more thing to note when we discuss other nations, we only look at the facade, as we are not acquainted with its intimacies as a native would. I have seen Africans visit Xamar for a day or two talking about it as if it is one of the best cities in Africa. Again facade.

  14. Posted

    11 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    HSM government is dominated by people with Islamic movement backgrounds  including premier Hamza and minister Ahmed Faqi, and I don't think they will be  pushing abortion and these other socially liberal issues like the western countries.

    If you could read the parts about

    • Sharica being replaced with Xeer, customs, traditions, and Federal laws,
    • Abortion left to the medical professionals most of whom are liberal, do not practise Islam, and are open to the practice similar to the West,
    • The dilution of the sanctity of marriage where civil partnership is on the menu.

     

    17 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    Dal bilaa dastuur ah miyaa lagu jirayaa until 2026?

    If you could be so obliging as to try it again!

    ---------------------------

    Could you cite ONE THING the current government could NOT do, and is prevented from doing, because of the Constitution in its current form?

    Postscript:

    Let me remind you, the Federal government powers are:

    Article 54, Allocation of Powers, Federal Government Powers:
    (a) Foreign Affairs:

    • Why not form a coherent Diplomacy and proficient diplomatic Corps instead of HSM in his one-man-shit-show with his kids still in diapers as his core advisers on all matters foreign?

    (b) National Defense:

    • What is preventing it from forming a cohesive National policy with FMSs at its heart? What came of the war campaign HSM started a few months ago? How are Galcad & Xarardheere faring today?

    (c) Monetary Policy:

    • What is preventing from instituting Currency instead of US Dollar in circulation as if a colony?

    (d) Citizenship & Immigration: Same applies here.

  16. Posted

    Here is a summary, penned in haste, for the talking heads:

    a)     A Presidential system, with a Vice President, rather than a Parliamentarian system with Premier is being proposed. Political significance: till, and until democratic elections and political parties had been formed and implemented, the current power-sharing system of governance must remain intact. In the event of political parties and elections had been implemented, then and only then would consideration of such a change of system be acceptable. Case in point the entire government is now HSM and his kids.

     

    b)     Proposed two party system can only come naturally,  but not stipulated in the Constitution.

     

    c)     Article 44, re: Natural resources:

    i) Barring eminent domain and Federal designated lands, natural land and resources are reserved for FMSs. Any Federal designated lands must be negotiated between  Fed. gov’t and FMSs. A clear case of usurpation of power.

     

    d)     Article 51, re: Elections:

    i)       Elections are powers reserved for FMSs, and any attempt to bring said powers under the Fed. govt' are a clear usurpation of power. It must be noted Federal IDs are attached to voting where citizens with State IDs could be barred from voting.  

     

    e)     The term 'Sharci' has been removed and intentionally replaced with 'Xeer', the significance herein being:

    - To dilute primacy, and traces of Islamic jurisprudence, ordinances, and their precedence.

    - Sharci (shuruuc (pl) ) are derived from Shari'a 'Islamic jurisprudence' grounded in, and with its basis in Islam whereas Xeer is derived from customs and traditions, and Sharica. This becomes more evident when one notices the role of Culamaa has been excluded. Case in point Article 13, pS. 17&18, re: abortion where powers are afforded the medical profession, removing consultation with Culamaa; require further explanation.

    For instance, Article 17, p. 18:

    - Removed are sections (1) & (2):

    - section (1) provides every citizen is free to practice own religion.

     

    f) Legal terms, which demand strict interpretation had been replaced with loose wordings open to interpretations, giving a great deal of latitude to abuse and misuse. Case in point Article 19, p.19, re: Miranda warning – require further explanation.

     

    When legal minds with professional training and experience write contracts, which is what the Constitution is as 'social contract', technical terms with intent and purpose are used, whereas when ordinary people read, or try to interpret such laws, confusion almost always reins, with many concluding said law(s) being contradictory; one hears that often, and for a reason. Case in point, difference between Freedom of enquiry vs freedom of expression. The two concepts are confused, or intentionally transposed, in the proposed amendments. Article 18, pS 18&19,

     

    g) Section (3) of said Article, sets limitations where ingenuity in its art form incl. poetic or literary forms, and research had been replaced and confined to 'one's knowledge and creativity'; the new section uses the words 'faaf reeb la'aan', which I think is intended to mean lack of censorship. here, 'Xoriyad aqooneed' does not mean the same as 'si xor ah u soo bandhigo aqoontiisa'; the former speaks to freedom of enquiry and research whereas the latter speaks to one being at liberty to express. A major difference.

    - Further, in its simplest form, the new wording gives rise to loopholes to be exploited, where a citizen could be arrested for reciting a poem deemed inflammatory under Article (18), section (3).

     

    h) Article 28, re: Marriage:

    - section (2) has been added, and it shall open flood gates, for it provides:

    - Each person has the right to get married, and form a family through consent and desire, in accordance with Islam, and Federal laws. Now, any laws, which the Federal government passes, which could sanction civil partnership and gay marriage are permissible, and covered under this Article. This is what Sacdiya & Co have been advocating for.

     

    i) Article 35, re: Presumption of innocence:

    - section (1) removed 'innocence' replacing it with 'not committed a crime';

    - It further changed 'till a Court proves guilt verdict' replacing it with 'till a Court sentenced'. In legal terms, this bears significance; requires further explanation.

     

    j) Article 20, re: Freedom of congregation and demonstration:

    - section (1) had been diluted where it is now contingent upon compliance with Federal laws, and by extension the infamous National Security regulations, pruned from from the military government, a death kneel, and return to the dark days.

     

    - section (2) adds a word, which rules out citizens from lodging a complaint to State institution; here, the word 'u gudbiyo - to lodge' has been changed to 'u gudbin karo - could lodge', which in legal terms means worlds apart. In legal proceedings, you could lodge (privilege) does not mean you can lodge (right); the former has the implication of your being advised not to lodge a complaint whereas the latter in its original form granted citizens right, and at will sans potential injury to complainant(s). Freedom of enquiry is at the heart of good governance, and democracy, or else it dies in darkness.

     

    k) Article 22, Political participation:

    - section (1) has been diluted where citizens' ability to form, participation, and join political parties is now contingent upon Federal regulations; sub-sections (a) & (b) which provided said rights have been scrubbed. In its spirit, the new Article removes Election powers and governance from States, powers granted to States in the original Constitution; another power grab by the Fed. gov't.

     

    l) Article 20, Travel and mobility:

    - section (2) has been removed as a right to carry a passport, and moved to section (3); in principle, when a section is being separated, it can exclude the right, as Courts could reference section (1), and ignore section (3), which relegates the right to carry a passport to a privilege. Only persons permitted by the government of the day to carry passport could, and a citizen falls foul of the said government, he no longer enjoys the privilege, which must be earned by way allegiance, and/or loyalty. See the danger.

     

    - section (3) now makes a requirement for a citizens to have a Federal ID in order to apply for a passport. This is a dangerous requirement, since IDs are State issued, as granted in the original Constitution. Here, a burden is being placed upon the average citizen. Another power grab by the Fed. gov't.

     

    m) Article 32, Information Act:

    - section (1) enforces the infamous National Security doctrine where citizens can only see what civil servants consider public information, incl. a file on every citizen, esp. elites, dissidents considered political opposition.

     

    - section (2), which provides ? has been scrubbed. I'll have to find the original English text to fully comprehend its intent.

     

    n) Article 30:

    - section (5), which advocated for research and development (R&D) has been scrubbed.

     

    o) Chap. 3 re: Land ownership:

    - These are a set of Articles, which grant all land ownership and management powers to the Fed. gov't; this is a State matter barring Federally designated lands, which must be agreed upon between the Fed. gov't and FMSs.

     

    p) Article 44, re: Natural resources:

    - section (1) originally provided natural resources are to be negotiated between the Fed. gov't and FMSs, albeit all powers rest with FMSs; this has been changed to read 'Natural resources are national assets to be exploited ...'. transferring powers from FMSs to the Fed. gov't.

     

    - section (2) is new, and creates Fed. Institutions incl. Minerals, water, and petroleum all under the Fed. gov't.

     

    q) Article 8, re: Citizenship and Nationality:

    - section (2) in the new constitution now draws a distinction between Somali nationals in general, and people of the Federal Republic where in the former it applies to all Somalis whereas the latter is specific to those in the 7, the Federal Republic. Here, the new constitution seeks to define who is Somali, and what constitutes being Somali. It sets a dangerous precedence. In the original constitution, any one born to Somali parents is deemed Somali. The new constitution regards Somalis outside of the 7 non-Somalis, and in turn, this delegitimises Somalis in occupied Somali territories as non-citizens, and by extension said territories non-Somali territories.

     

    r) Article 18, re: Freedom of Enquiry:

    Freedom of enquiry in ingenuity, research and development (R&D) is critical. Scientific & engineering research and innovations are stalled. And so in freedom of enquiry in political discourse where citizens could question elected civil servants incl. Heads of States.

     

    As a concept, freedom of enquiry, as introduced into political discourse by B Spinoza, advanced by J Locke and later furthered by Montesquieu, is at the heart of good governance, and democracy. One of the reasons democracy is a better system of governance than its predecessors incl. monarchic, oligarchic, dictatorship etc, is it has an inherently built-in self-adjusting mechanism, where wrongs by currents leaders can be corrected by later leaders. Case in point, destruction visited upon US institutions, primary examples being State Dept., and DoJ had mostly been corrected, even if the damage could leave lasting consequences.

  17. Posted

    5 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    Dal bilaa dastuur ah miyaa lagu jirayaa until 2026?

    Could you cite ONE THING the current government could NOT do, and is prevented from doing, because of the Constitution in its current form?

    Let me remind you, the Federal government powers:

    Article 54, Allocation of Powers, Federal Government Powers:
    (a) Foreign Affairs: Why not form a coherent Diplomacy and proficient diplomatic Corps instead of HSM in his one-man-shit-show with his kids still in diapers as his core advisers on all matters foreign?

    (b) National Defense: what is preventing it from forming a cohesive National policy with FMSs at its heart? What came of the war campaign HSM started a few months ago? How are Galcad & Xarardheere faring today?

    (c) Monetary Policy: what is preventing from instituting Currency instead of US Dollar in circulation as if a colony?

    (d) Citizenship & Immigration: Same applies here.
     

    Instead, the debate is about:

    • Removing Shari'a and replacing it with Xeer (customs & traditions) to grant more powers to Federal laws,
    • Abortion,
    • Civil partnership,
    • Fiddling with presumption of innocence principle,
    • Limitations on freedom of enquiry,
    • Limitations on political participation

    Just to name a few.

    Postscript:
    Let me further remind you of there being 5 nations with no written Constitution incl. Canada, Saudia, NZ, UK (the originator of the Magna Carta, the foundation for modern Constitutions, and from where J Locke referenced in drafting the 1st Constitution). Societies are governed by contracts, AGREED UPON by ALL its members.

  20. Posted

    4 hours ago, Che -Guevara said:

    LOL I doubt they do. If HSM has backbone, he would instruct the aviation center to reroute everything thru Mogadishu.

    No, we do not want that, as it is contrary to the desires of the nation, and benefits no one. The mindless secessionists are akin to a child being told not to touch a burning fire only to touch and cry afterwards. They almost always do the opposite of that which is in their best interest only to sing 'waxbaa baalaha iga yaacay' later.

     

    2 hours ago, Xaaji Xunjuf said:

    so who is going to punish us  you amisom 

     Across borders means it is an international affair, governed by the International Air Transport Association, which covers all flights, commercial or otherwise, and anyone who interferes with and in, under Rules 22 & 23 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937, pursuant to Aircraft Act, 1934, is subject to prosecution.

    Ask a right-thinking person nearby to explain to you provisions of the Interference with aircraft in flight, governing rules, and penalties.

    A whole new set of more strict Rules had been adopted post 9/11.

  22. Posted

    4 hours ago, Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar said:

    Ma anaa 'Kacaanist' ah? Alloow nimaan wax ogeyn ha caddaabin. Do you realize how Kacaanka drastically changed my own very family's lives and fortunes permanently?

    Ina adeer, everything that has gone wrong in our sufferable nation, then when he was in charge till now post his sodding departure, had been the doing and legacy of the Kacaan from top to bottom.

    As far as your involvement is concerned, you are awfully too young to have been in bed with Afweyne & Co., and as you told us once whom you late father (Rabbana yarhamhu) was, I have no reason to suspect you, except I wanted to tickle your soft belly, mate, to include you in the conversation, for you my dear friend have a penchant for delicate matters.

    4 hours ago, Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar said:

    Let's see:

    Fee-based private schools and universities.

    Corrupt, incompetent so-called doctors without any credentials.

    Nothing to export, all imports, including fruits and vegetables.

    No large-scale farms.

    Millions of lifetime refugees.

    Constant ying-yang famines and floods 

    Complete environment destruction.

    Perennial recipients of 'aid.'

    Stealing and selling almost all public lands.

    Foreign-controlled puppets in each little fiefdom.

    Foreign mercenaries markee at every part of the country.

    Natural resources stolen and no central government to defend it.

    Soomaali iswada neceb.

    And not ro mention the millions of innocent people that were prematurely wiped out without any chance for life.

    And you dare to tell me this is better than towradii barakeysneyd. U qiro waxqabadkii Kacaanka and give its due.

    Please O please, for all our sake, never repeat that again!

  23. Posted

    4 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    I like the way our friend Iliria, frames things, heck sometimes I have to look up to the dictionary to understand some of his words. Having said that, we all have weaknesses in terms our political goals and positions.

    I must keep your [all] toes on fire, mate, or MMA will be singing Kacaanist rhymes in af Maay (the death of me), or Ghe will be tempted to recite his beloved Kacaan leaders' mantra all day ( ya reet, wa ya lah min caar).

    4 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    They say all politics are local, yet maneuvering the enclave based politics and clan based  minefields isn't easy. The history of Adal community is filled with events of our people taking the high road of Somalinimo without never ever cooperating with colonials powers and losing badly, whether they are French, British or Abyssinia.

    No one questions reer Awdal's Somalinimo and their role in its sanctity. I am glad to hear all is well with reer Awdal, and so long as they are in the fold of reer Somali, you will the rest of us in their corner.

    4 hours ago, galbeedi said:

    In terms of Mogadishu, I will write some articles about our capital soon.

    Xamar CAdey, as it was called back then, hasn't lost some of her old characters of the eighties. As you walk or visit places no one will ever enquire about your clan or where you come from. Despite people saying this town belongs to certain clan, Somalis from all over the country live and reside in Mogadushu. There are hundreds if not thousands of Awdalites living here. Hundreds of youth from Awdal had come here and found employment in every government ministry including the security agencies.

    Outside of fine hotels and homes in good neighbourhoods, Xamar is no longer an ethnic Somali city, but a Bantu city with the majority of its residents now being of African extraction, and increasing by the day. I do not know what the representation is, but I would not be surprised if it is 65~/35~ with 35~ being ethnic Somali minority population.

  24. Posted

    O' I trust Galbeedi is a good man, with his heart in the right place, and I am just flaming his flat, soft feet for good measure, lest he wavers back again.

  25. Posted

    2 hours ago, maakhiri1 said:

    Galbeedi should run for president

    No, from his analyses, Galbeedi is terribly green, well-meaning, but rather gullible, and could easily switch horses in the middle of the battle. Do you not recall his midnight rout before reer Awdal had been preempted by Bixiye, where he was advocating to offer Awdal to Habasha, and even floating the idea of Awdal joining DDS or Jibouti.

    By all means, recognise Awdal, but let hardened, grey old men, with balls of steel take the reins, and not some pen-pusher, soft lads from the diaspora, and not even the Baxar's of this world with their bogus Doctorship and lofty ideals. Army men are needed to weather the tide in these difficult times ahead. Otherwise, they will be going back and forth the mountains just like GXJS. More than anything, grit, fortitude, and sacrifice are needed.