By Dr. Hussein Mohamed Nur Abdulrashid Ali Shermarke was elected as President of Somali Republic on 15 October 1967. Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal became the Prime Minister. Two years later, on 15 October 1969, the president was assassinated by one of his guarding soldiers, a member of the national armed forces. On the 6th day of the assassination of the president (on 21 October 1969), Egal’s civilian government was toppled in a bloodless military coup led by General Mohamed Siyad Barre. Egal was arrested and languished in jail for the next twenty years. The military junta took advantage of longstanding of general grievances and disappointments with the country’s slow pace of social and economic development, highly disproportionate rampant corruptions, mismanagement and bad leadership. It is alleged that the plan for the revolution was masterminded by the Soviet KGB, the main supporter of the Somali military. The proliferation of parties and unlimited freedom of the press were used as a pretext to overthrow the democratically elected civilian government. At its very early start, the military regime declared solemn promises and pledges for the people such as returning the power to the democratic civilian rule soon after they putt the “house in order”. That never took place. The record of the two decades of Barre’s rule speaks for itself but is beyond the scope of this brief. What acted as the main catalyst for speeding up the successful staging of the military revolution was the lack of public trust and withdrawal of confidence from the incumbent successive civilian governments and lack of clear efforts to realize the expectations of the public to nurture the infant democracy. Unfortunately, at the expense of public sympathy and support, the military regime undermined those facts and started building political trenches and forts of oppression and repression. The first years of the revolution were spent on how to acquire full control and power. That was Siyad Barre’s real agenda. To implement that policy, special institutions and instruments were created for the control and subjugation of the society. To consolidate power, the military regime took following measures: All existing institutions were dismantled and replaced with personalized and exclusively clan-based structures. Civilian rights and freedom were suspended. Institutions like civil service, the independent judiciary, the police and the national armed forces were made into instruments of terror and oppression. New security apparatuses were created for terrorizing the population and maintaining the grip on power through dictatorship. The various apparatuses created or strengthened were: a) National Security Courts (NSC): a chain of courts originally formed for trials of political dissidents and opponents of the regime manned by ill-trained personnel in law and legal procedures; b) A Secret Police: This was euphemistically named as national security service (NSS) who used to snoop on the public, acting on eavesdropping of the public and government officials, visiting suspected people at ungodly hours to imprison them in own special jails for torture such as the ‘Godka’ (the hole) in Central Mogadishu. The majority of the NSS members were trained by the KGB in the ex-Soviet Union and former East Germany STASI forces; c) The establishment of a single party ‘Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP) as the only legal party in the country which later developed into an ultimate Stalinist weapon against the Somali people and demeaning of the societal values; d) Orientation Centers: These were public centers that were set up every neighborhood in every town and village of the country. The centers acted as part of social engineering measures by maneuvering peoples’ mindsets and brainwashing; e) Victory Pioneers (Guulwadayaal). They were used as paramilitary armies patterned after the Soviet and other Eastern bloc countries’ Red Guard’ brigades. They were often recruited from the notorious street thugs and gangs. In the Northern regions of the Republic, this group was commonly known as ‘The Green Flies’ referring to the color of their uniform and comparable to the notoriety and dirtiness of this insect. They were spread in every neighborhood of every single town and village of the country. They were created through to conduct mass mobilization and not to mention the eavesdropping of the family households in their neighborhoods. Their main task was to patrol residential quarters, keep tabs on residents, and herd them into the corals of the orientation centers for brainwashing every Friday of the week or so often as needed such as for special events and occasions, i.e., ceremonial singing and cheerleader events for the party officials and leaders, for organizing and conducting mass demonstrations for government support and its leaders or even for welcoming visiting foreign dignitaries to the country. The 1969 military rule was nothing more than a continuation of the northern suppression. The judicial system was rendered non-functional under Decree-Law No 54 abolishing the Habeas Corpus. Hence, annulling the judicial system and rendering it superfluous. In addition to the above-described structures, other special units which directly came under the presidency office were established: a) ‘Hangash’ (a military intelligence branch); b) ‘Dhabar-Jebinta’ (Military Counter-intelligence); c) ‘Koofiyad Cas’ (Red Berets); and d) ‘Hogaanka Baadhista Xisbiga’ (special unit of investigators of the Socialist Party); e) The Socialist party (the only party in the country). Some of them even came under the president’s wives especially Muraya Garad. Under the banner of ‘Scientific socialism’ brand some progress, though limited, was made in some areas in the first few years of the revolution or ‘Kacaanka’. The major success was in the mass education and literacy campaigns and the single most visible achievement of the military regime was the writing of the script for the Somali language. The Somali language was written for the first time, public education was extended and a high adult literacy particularly the mother language was made. In general, however, the military regime became famous for its repressive attitudes alienating the majority of the Somali population and more particularly the people of the North. On the other hand, however, the country was literally a police State and a big prison out of which people have no choice to leave for abroad without special permits. The small successes were overshadowed by grave mistakes committed by the top echelon of the leadership who heralded the revolution at the helm of them was Said Barre. In fact, the infant democratic system started faltering apart from the very beginning amidst pervasive corruption and divisive clan politics dominated by major southern clans (Darod and Mogadishu Clan) as discussed before in previous parts. During the military revolution, the late 1970s was characterized as the beginning of Barre’s open ascent to full dictatorship. In the mid-1970s, a large number of top government officers of northern origin were subjected to wholesale sacks from government posts. In one year alone 1975 a wholesale sacking of top civil servants of northern origin took place. 75 officers of northern origin consisting of the best and distinguishing ambassadors, director generals of various ministries and directorates, managers and technocrats etc. were summarily sacked and forced to resign. At the same time high ranking military officials, many of whom from the north were exiled from the country to Lavov and Siberia in the USSR. At the outset of the revolution, Barre played the ultimate political card of pursuing the pre-independence vision of ‘Greater Somalia’. Barre pursued to brush the dust from that card to the point that he even used the Somali army to disguise the Western Somali Liberation Front fighters (with no military uniform or signs) that culminated in the 1977-78 war against Ethiopia. Barre’s planned objective was to use the war as a smokescreen and as a proxy step towards the Greater Somalia notion and, hence, buy the emotional feeling of the public again to remain in the saddle of power. Nevertheless, that became the watershed for the fall of the dictator and the demise of his regime from the political spectrum of Somalia. It also signaled the end of that dream of ‘Greater Somalia’ consisting of the five parts unification – the collapse of the Pan Somalia motto. In reality, this move was a sign of the beginning of the collapse of the Somali state and, of course, the union of the two in particular. Somalia’s defeat in the 1977/78 war with Ethiopia war caused a crisis of confidence, low morale of the armed forces and rise of dissent by various clans. Barre’s attempt to ride the crest of nationalism started falling from the top. That was met with a disastrous downward slide. The socio-political record of Somalia deteriorated soon after the evaporation of the initial public euphoria and as the Socialist revolution’s rhetoric portrayed reality. The 1975 and 1981 period has been characterized as a period the military Government openly associated itself with the Eastern bloc socialist countries (USSR, German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia and other East European socialist countries). The National Security Service personnel were being trained by the Russian KGB and the STASI secret services of East Germany which trained them ruthless and fond of abusing the civil and human rights of the citizen. Some of the government’s bureaucratic officials and insiders in Barre’s ruling circle portrayed an erosion of the human rights and a tragic slide into dictatorship. By the mid-1980s, the power fell into internal militarism and external supplication. Owing to country’s drift towards socio-economic retrogression and political deterioration there was an increase of personalized rule of Siyad Barre. In June 982 that a group of seven members of the Somali Republic Socialist Party (SRSP) were arrested under the notorious Law No 54 that carried a mandatory death penalty. They were in ‘Labaatan Jirow’ high-security prison. The prison was under the direct control of the presidency office, i.e, directly under the president. The prisoners were there in prolonged solitary confinement in separate cells. Among the members of the group were: General Ismail Ali Abokor (original member of SRC, the third Vice President and the president of the National Assembly); Omer Arteh Ghalib (a former Foreign Minister); Colonel Osman Mohamed Jeelle (SRC member); General Omer Haji Mohamoud; Dr Mohamed Aden Sheikh (Minister of Information and National Guidance), Mohamed Yousuf Weyrah and Warsame Ali Farah. They received long-term prison sentences. Warsame Ali Farah died in prison on 20 July 1983. In the 1980s thousands of people were subjected to imprisonment, torture, and executions. Even the rural households suspected of this were decimated. The story of a man who belonged to an internal SNM cell in Hargeisa and who later successfully escaped Hargeisa prison is a case in point among thousands unpopularised cases. Sulub Jama Osman was a businessman, a restaurant and a shop owner in Hargeisa. In 1987 following a successful operation inside Hargeisa killing a high ranking NSS officer, Ahmed Aden, and a colleague of his, Sulub and a friend of his were arrested at the home where they began to hide after suspicion emerged following the killing of the officer. In an interview, Sulub recalled vividly the cruel tortures he underwent during a period of about 3 months he was in Hargeisa central prison. Sulub express boldly the traumas of their ordeal and gave details of how they eventually managed to escape the prison. Substantiated violations of judicial procedure and fundamental human rights were due mainly to the lack of an independent judiciary and compromise of internationally recognized standards for a fair trial and justice. Somalia violated international agreements to which it was a signatory. Under this rigid unfair judiciary system, the six former members of the Parliament, the National Assembly such as Ismail Ali Abokor, former Deputy Speaker of the Parliament; Omar Arteh Galeb, former Foreign Minister and sixteen others who were detained who were held in detention without trial or charge since 1982 for over six years were taken as prisoners of conscience by human rights organizations (Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and others). In 1988 the U.S National Academy of Sciences Committee on Human Rights and the Institute of Medicine Committee on Health sent a delegation to Mogadishu and wrote a damaging report “Scientists and Human Rights”. The report condemned the living conditions of individual scientists and academicians. On 1 February 1988 the prisoners were charged in Mogadishu with two principal offenses: “organizing a subversive organization (SNM) and “organizing an armed band” (SNM). After numerous international appeals for clemency, Barre commuted the death sentences. Ismail Ali Abokor and Omar Arteh Galeb were given an unspecified prison term to be served under house arrests. Engineer, Suleiman Nuh Ali, Abdi Ismail Younis (Abdi Duse), and Abdillahi Jama Galaal were sentenced to 24 years. They were denied medical examination in jail. Most of the prosecution witnesses were from the armed forces, the police and the security forces who interrogated the defendants. On 2 February 1988, the trial of the remaining 6 parliamentarians was announced. Nevertheless, the trial did not happen until 23 September 1988. The prisoners were on trial also included other long-term prisoners of conscience – Abdi Ismail Yonis (Abdi Duse); Farah Hersi Ahmed and Suleiman Nuh. This was only as a result of international pressure from human rights organizations at the forefront of which was the Amnesty International. The Amnesty International raised the issue of the miscarriage of justice and a gross human rights violation in the four day trial of 22 political prisoners that it adopted as prisoners of conscience. Eight of those political prisoners were convicted of treason. In Somalia, the preventative detention law of 1970 legalized indefinite detention without charge or trial. But because of interests of other countries with whom Siad Barre had personal interests, it was rather common to pardon clemency or reduce or commute sentences. For example, in mid-1987 as a goodwill gesture for the Muslim festival of ‘Eid al-Adha’. But actually, that was also because of an interest showed by Saudi Araba. Siyad Barre commuted death sentences passed by the National Security Court (NSC) on nine religious learned men and scholars ‘Ulamaa’ (Islamic religious scholars) accused of practicing their Islamic faith interpreted as anti-government acts. That preceded the execution of religious scholars who stood against Barre’s intervention into the Islamic Sharia law especially the equality of men and women. The military and security forces conducted curfew patrols which had become a law unto them creating a climate of unrestrained violence. Moreover, the existence of the SNM in the North provided a pretext for Barre’s deputies in the North to act as they do so want, i.e., to wage a war against peaceful citizens and to enable consolidate power by terrorizing anyone suspected to be not pro-government. Therefore, years of sustained pressure and state violence created a serious level of political unrest in the region. The atmosphere of lawlessness and lack of discipline among the security personnel and soldiers enabled them to harass civilians for purposes of extortion and ransom. Throughout the 1980s, the country was virtually a grand prison. Only those counted as supporters of the regime can travel abroad. For example, civil servants like the academicians; the business people etc. were affected since due to the nature of their works and activities. Those groups were more likely to travel abroad than the rest of the society. A selective ban was always in operation. That implicitly led to a rampant brain drain of the resourceful citizens who used any method to leave the country. In the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, Somalia was exposed politically. The country was entangled with open human rights abuses and tragedies. The Somali government was famous for its persistent abuse of human rights, the gross miscarriage of justice, civil liberties and tortures. The human and civil rights abuses of the civilians started as early as the mid-1970s. The oppression of the citizens had been well documented and the reports of the internationally known organizations became available. Activities of the systematic torture, gross human rights violation and infringement of the political and civil liberties were revealed by the international organizations such as the Amnesty International, the Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights, the Committee for Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine – Committee on Health and Human Rights, the Canadian Centre for Investigation and Prevention of Torture, the Medical Foundation and many other independent organizations. The reports were based on countless individuals as direct eyewitnesses and reports confirmed the factual circumstances and the real situation. Unfortunately today, decades later, the post-traumatic scars are still unmistakably evident by the survivors of the obliteration and genocide. During the fighting in the North in later 1980s, the reports on genocides peaked in grand proportions and at a crisis point. Despite all those, the US aid to the ailing regime was still pouring without conditions rather than addressing these issues. For that matter, the U.S aid policy towards Somalia attracted heavy criticism from all corners of the world including the US Congress and the international community as it (US aid) was the only means of sustaining the perpetration of the repressive regime and, hence, in keeping and letting Barre to survive and, therefore, continue abusing human rights and civil liberties ad infinitum in Somalia. Before 1977 the US was an important ally with Ethiopia while USSR was allied with Somalia. A sudden shift in the balance of alliances took place when Barre all of a sudden went to war with Mengistu of Ethiopia in 1977. That caused a major switch in alliances. The US made a sudden shift to Somalia as a major ally after the USSR began supporting Mengistu, the Ethiopian side. The US then benefited gaining access to the strategic port of Berbera in the North in having free access to the naval facilities in return for a generous military and economic aid to Somalia. This shift of strategic positions between the two superpowers occurred as the Horn of Africa region was always a key cockpit and a major crossroad for the existing intense superpower rivalry. That show how explicitly power competition and post-war imperialism take form utilizing the only tactic – helping and manipulating weak governments in the region economically and militarily such as Somalia. The cruelty of the Somali army chiefs and commanders in the North was unimaginable. Civilians who were suspected as SNM sympathizers and supporters financially met cruelty from the army and officers themselves. For example, a case in point was a gruesome operation conducted by Colonel Yusuf Abdi Ali (Tuke) on a civilian man called Abdi Dheere in Gabiley. The man was tied and dozed with petrol. Colonel Tuke himself took a turn to doze the man with petrol and held a long object pushing the man into a blazing fire pit. And every time the man would try to come out of the fire, he would be pushing him back to it using the same object. On other occasions, individuals would be tied to the back of a military truck at high speed until the flesh shreds into pieces, a typical fascist mode of killing during the Italian dictatorship under Mussolini. Tuke is now on trial for crimes against humanity. On 14 July 1988, a testimony before the US African Sub-committee by Aryeh Neier, chairman of the Human Rights Watch organization, highlighted the dismal long-term human rights record of President Barre. During the eruption of the conflict in the North, the situation became even more serious. Despite the worsening human rights situation, since Somalia’s defeat at the ‘Ogaden’ war in 1977, the US was involved by contributing military and financial support to the government of Somalia. As stated before, the US policy only consolidated and privileged the position of Barre’s regime which was engaged in a systematic pattern of gross violations. Another troubling indictment of the human rights situation in Somalia came from the Lawyers Committee for Human rights testimony to the US Sub-Committee on African Affairs, Committee on Foreign Affairs and the House of Representatives. The State Department’s 1986 country report vehemently confirmed abuses of virtually every category examined by the report, arbitrary arrests, detention, and freedom of expression, freedom of the press, independence of the judiciary, freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of movement within the country presented by the Lawyers Committee.[1] The truth of the matter was that a major part of the epoch that the power was in the hands of the military, power has been concentrated in the hands of the president, family members and close military advisors and cohorts. The country was virtually a ‘police state’. Indeed it was a great prison. Freedom of expression was a luxury not known and rights of civilians were routinely deprived. To contain the people, a series of legislative acts were passed and denial of fundamental human rights was institutionalized. Earlier in 1979, the government introduced a new constitution which expressly provided that these laws override the political and civil rights guaranteed by the existing constitution. The most important of those was Law No. 54 of 10 of September 1970 that made the death penalty legal for a wide range of political offenses that relate to “national security.” Offenses against the national security were defined as behavior “which may be considered prejudicial to the maintenance of peace, order and good government.” This was interpreted broadly to mean whatever the authorities want it to mean, both for individuals and groups. The law did not distinguish between violent and non-violent criticism and opposition to the government and, therefore, did not adequately protect the right to hold, express and disseminate opinions, the right of the association or of political assembly. Even the possession of written material came under this let alone shows of dissent. On 8 April 1987, under Article 12 of law No 54, nine religious teachers were condemned to death in secret trials in Mogadishu. Their only crime was the criticism of the failure of the government to respect freedom of worship. Due to a national outcry and pressures from Islamic governments, the death sentences were later commuted to long-term imprisonment. Based on this law, other religious individuals were also executed. In the 1980s I, as a civil servant academician working at the university, had experienced the first-hand injustices based on the clan politics of the government within my institution, the university. I witnessed that the politics of the university as a government academic institution was itself reflecting the nature of the government’s political interests. The selection of the staff, academicians down to the appointment of janitors and cleaners, attendants and caretakers, was pretty much based on who you know and who is your big shot or whether you are a kith or kin or affiliated to the clan of the president. In other words, the university was heavily politicized creating favorites among the scholars (Omaar, 1991). The Socialist party (the only party in the country) representatives, as well as student political activist posts, were trusted to members of the clan in power and its cohorts. The president of the country himself was the Chancellor and the majority of the Deans of faculties, party representatives, student activists and representatives etc. were all nominated on the basis of clan affiliations. This was for purposes of consolidation of power and maintaining the country as a police state. The ears of the regime had to be wide open for the slightest eavesdropping among the students of universities, high schools and other institutions and the public at large. By the early 1980s and after the formation of the SNM opposition public distrust was clearly visible in the North (Somaliland). Students in the schools in Hargeisa started making demonstrations openly and boycotted classes. In early 1982 stone-throwing by the students was popular and especially after the arrest of a group of 28 young professionals consisting of doctors, businessmen, teachers, and other civil servants, were scooped to arrest in Hargeisa and eventually sentenced to long-term imprisonments. Two of them were immediately released and six other acquitted by the court most of them on tribal lines. They were all acquitted as they belonged to non-targeted clans. What caused their imprisonment was interestingly ironic. They volunteered to improve the deteriorating conditions of the dilapidated hospital, the only one in Hargeisa, the second city of the country. They set up a self-help scheme group. There was then a long-standing conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia. Ethiopia was hosting two Somali opposition groups (SSDF and SNM). Somalis from the North were seen as by the government as destabilizers of the regime and were often regarded as having possible links with the SNM. The group was seen as politically motivated. The irony was that Barre showed himself off as a strong promoter of individual participation in self-help schemes efforts as part of his scientific socialism programme. The imprisonment of active individuals was translated as subversion. To be continued ….. [1] For details of the human rights situation see also the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights and the US State Department country reports 1986.

A person was killed and several other were injured following a heavy downpour in Salahley district of Marodijeeh region. This is according to the district commissioner of Salahley speaking to Somaliland News Agency (Saolna). The district commissioner of Salahley Mr.Ismael Yusuf Hussein (Shine) confirmed that the rains that was accompanied by strong wind killed one person after the house he was sheltering caved in and killed him instantly, whereas ten others are fighting for their lives in hospital in critical condition. The mayor of Salahley municipality confirmed the destruction of a public school and many structured were destroyed by the rains. He added that assessment is ongoing to calculate the real damage caused the stormy rains.

A teenager known as Mohammed Mowlid lost his life during the Eid celebrations in Berbera town. The youngster was swimming at the famous Batalale beach when out of the blue his body was spewed by the unmerciful Red sea waters. This is according to news distributed by Somaliland News Agency (Solnanews.com) from the port city of Berbera. The provincial commissioner of Sahil region Mr.Ahmed Osman confirmed to SOLNA- the death of the youngster who is estimated to be in his early twenties. He went on reveal the teenager was amongst a multitude of holiday makers from Burao town that had toured Berbera for the festive season. Commissioner Osman also confirmed that one person was rescued from the furious Red Sea waters. Thos comes following the government of Somaliland protracted warning to parents to accompany their children during the festive celebration of Eid since many youngsters from Burao and Hargeisa every year drown in these Berbera waters.

HARGEISA– Somaliland authority has condemned with the strongest possible terms to the torture and beating against two women who hail from Lasanod and who have been badly beaten in Garowe. The torture and barbaric beatings subjected to the duo was confirmed by Lasanod’s regional governor, Hon. Abdi Khaire Dirir. The two who sustained serious injuries were transported from Garowe, Puntland’s provincial capital to Lasanod and the regional governor received them in the city outskirts. Ms. Anab Ali Haji and Ms. Sahra Ahmed Garad have been beaten with sticks and knives by civilians in Garowe. One of the woman fainted due to the beating and Somaliland authority has provided medical intensive care. The governor has asserted that the two women have been beaten due to their ideology of Somaliland and condemned the attack with the strongest possible terms. Mr. Abdi Khaire, Lasanod’s regional governor has said that such barbaric attack indicates the deep hatred and animosity that Puntland is instigating in the region. The governor has dismissed allegations made by Puntland authority which accused the duo of espionage. He said that they have targeted due to their Somaliland and Sool’s stance. He made clear that Somaliland is to keep the norm and will protect Puntland citizens living and studying in Somaliland at the moment.

LASANOD— Somaliland govt has dispatched officials to Lasanod, Sool’s provincial capital and hold meetings with regional administration officials in order to strengthen security and to work towards the preserving of national unity. The govt officials have met with Wadani opposition members in Lasanod and the essence of the gathering was to further consolidate peace and stability in the region. All sides have reached a common understanding that observing peace and stability is number one priority for all.

Muqdisho (Caasimada Online)-Warar soo baxaaya ayaa sheegaya in shaqo ka eryin lagu sameeyay inkabadan 50 ruux oo isugu jira rag iyo dumar kana mid ahaa shaqaalaha Madaxtooyada Somalia. Shaqaalahaani ayaa la sheegay in lagu eryay tuhuno ay ka qabto Madaxtooyada Somalia, waxaana meeleentooda lagu amray Wasaarada Shaqada iyo Shaqaalaha Xukuumada Soomaaliya. Wasaarada Shaqada iyo Shaqaalaha ayaa waxaa la faray in dhammaan dhalinyarada laga eryay Villa Somalia ay u wareejiso Wasaarado iyo Hay’adaha kale ee DFS. Shaqaalaha laga soo eryay Villa Somalia ayaa intooda badan kasoo shaqeeyay qeybaha Nadaafada, Raashiin kariska iyo Adeegyada hoose ee Madaxtooyada Somalia. Shaqaalaha laga eryay Villa Somalia ayaa waxaa ku jira kuwo kasoo shaqeeyay inkabadan 10 sano, hase yeeshee si rasmi ah looma shaacin sababta ka danbeysay eryintooda. Sidoo kale, warqad kasoo baxday xafiiska ku-xigeenka Agaasimaha Madaxtooyada Somalia ayaa waxaa shaqaalaha la eryay lagu amray in si deg deg ah ay ugu soo celshan aqoonsiga ay ka heysteen Villa Somalia. Eryinta shaqaalahaani kabadan 50 ruux, ayaa daba socta shaqeele kale oo horay looga eryay Villa Somalia, tan iyo markii la doortay dowlada hadda jirta.

A Somali man has been sentenced to 15 years in jail for his role in the kidnapping of a Canadian journalist in Somalia, according to Canadian media. Source: Hiiraan Online

ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) - Ethiopia plans to sell a 30 to 40 percent stake in its state-run telecoms monopoly to big telecoms companies and will split the company in two to spur competition, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said on Monday. Source: Hiiraan Online

The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of the Federal Republic of Somalia has drafted regulations to manage the country’s petroleum and mineral resources sectors, especially in regard to ownership and revenue sharing. The agreement was made by the federal government and the federal member states of the National Security Council and facilitated and assisted by the World Bank and the Council for Inter-State Cooperation. The agreement, established in the interim capital of Baidoa on June 5, wraps up a three-year process led by the ministry to create a framework for the development of the oil industry, and it authorizes the ministry to issue permits and manage the petroleum and mining activities in Somalia. The Council for Inter-state Cooperation, a technical committee from the Federal Member States and the Federal Government led an intensive and inclusive consultation process with all industry stakeholders. The President of Somalia, H.E. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, as well as Prime Minister H.E. Hassan Ali Khayre and the Heads of the Federal Member States and the Mayor of Mogadishu also secured high-level political agreement on the principles that will guide the management of the sectors. “The finalization of this agreement marks a new chapter in the progress and development of the Federal Republic of Somalia,” said H.E. Abdirashid Mohamed Ahmed, the Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. “The Ministry will work in close collaboration with the federal member states in swiftly implementing all legislations and policies, monitoring and following up on all licenses issued prior to this agreement.” Source: – African Business

Unidentified airstrike targeted suspected Al-Shabab militants in their hideouts in two locations of southern Somalia on Sunday, residents and security officials confirmed on Monday. The security officials said the airstrikes bombarded the insurgents’ hideouts in El-Adde and Goof areas on Sunday, inflicting injuries on the militants. “Unknown airstrikes hit El-Adde and Goof locations in southern Somalia. The militants suffered heavy casualties during the strikes over El-Adde though exact battle damage assessments have been not established,” said a security official who declined to be named said. Local residents said they have not established whether Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) soldiers who are part of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) were behind the latest airstrikes in southern part of the Horn of Africa nation. In January 15, 2016, al-Shabab fighters attacked a KDF camp in El-Adde in southern Somalia, killing some 100 soldiers in the worst attack since the troops crossed into the Horn of Africa nation in 2011. Since the deadly attack, the Kenyan soldiers have been targeting the El-Adde area which lies near Garbaharey town in Gedo region to flush out the militants. The United States military which last year carried out about 30 airstrikes against al-Shabab has also intensified assault against the al-Qaida allied terrorist group in the recent past. Source: Xinhua net

Muqdisho (Caasimada Online)-Warar dheeraad ah ayaa waxa uu kasoo baxayaa qorshaha lagu doonaayo in maamulka Hawada loogu gacan galiyo dowlada Somalia. Qorshahan ayaa waxaa faahfaahino ka bixiyay Dowlada Somalia iyo maamulka Hey’adda ICAO ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Hawada. Saraakiisha Hey’adda ICAO ee QM ayaa shaaciyay in hadawada Somalia oo sanadihii danbe laga maamulayay magaalada Nairobi ay maanta soo gabagabowday maamulida hawada Somalia. Hey’adda ICAO, ayaa xaqiijisay in la filayo in Somalia ay si rasmi ah ula wareegto maamulka Hawada, isla markaana ay dhankooda uga dhamaatay. Arrintan ayaa waxaa ay imaneysaa kadib heshiis ay horey u kala saxiixdeen DFS iyo QM, iyadoo ay tababar fiican heleen shaqaalaha Soomaalida ee maamulka hawada. Dowladda Somalia ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ay sheegtay in hay’addo kale ay ka caawin doonaan maamulka hawada illaa laga tababarayo shaqaale Soomaaliyeed oo awood u leh in ay maamulaan hawadda dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, talaabadani ayaa imaaneysa iyadoo December 28, 2017 ay dowladda Somalia si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqday inay la soo wareegeyso maamulka hawada. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com

Dhanka Soomaaliya waxaa muddo dheer soo jirtay fikradda mideynta shanta Soomaaliyeed oo kala ah Koonfurta, Waqooyiga, Jabuuti, Ogaden, iyo NFD. Jabuuti waxay noqotay dal gaar ah, Ogaden waxaa lagu darey Itoobiya, NFD-na Kenya, halka labadii soo hartay ay Waqooyiga noqdeen jamhuuriyad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbanaani. Dagaalkii 1977-kii Balse dhanka Itoobiya laga soo bilaabo xilligii boqor Haile Selassie, waxa ay doonayeen in dhulka Soomaalida la hoos geeyo xukunka Itoobiya, iyada oo qeyb ka mid ah dhul weynihii Soomaaliya uu Ingiriiska ku wareejiyay Itoobiya sanadihii 1950-naadkii. Kadib hadalkii shalay kasoo baxay Ra’isulwasaaraha Itoobiya ee ahaa in labada dal laga dhigo ‘hal dal’, ayuu Prof Maxamed Ismaaciil Samatar oo ah falanqeeye siyaasadeed yiri “Waa fiicnaan lahay in dalalka Afrika isku yimaadaan oo ay noqdaan sidii Yurub oo kale, balse Itoobiya waxa ay rabtaa dhulal maxmiyad ay ku maamusho sidii Bantustanadii Koonfur Afrika”. Muranka dhuleed ee u dhaxeeya labada dal waa uu sii xoogeystay, wuxuuna gaaray heer ay dagaal dhexmaraan horraantii 1960-naadkii. Balse marka lasoo gaaray 1977-dii ayuu labada dal dhexmaray dagaalkii ugu weynaa inta taariikhda la xusuusto, iyada oo ciidamada Soomaalida ay guulo waaweyn ka gaareen dagaalka, islamarkaasna qabsadeen dhulka Ogaden 90% wax ka badan. Balse xulufadii Soofiyaadka ee uu Ruushka hoggaaminayay, kana mid ahaayeen ciidamo ka socday Cuba, Yemen iyo Liibiya ayaa dhabarjabin ku sameeyay Soomaaliya, kuna qasbay in ay kasoo baxdo dhulkii ay qabsatay. Dagaalkaas waxa uu labada bulsho dhex dhigay caddaawad aad u tiro badan, taas oo illaa maanta oo 40 sano laga soo wareegay dagaalkaas. Ra’isulwasaare Abiy Axmed oo taas tusaale usoo qaadanaya ayaa yiri “Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee wada hadallada ayaa waxay ahayd ilaa iyo goormaan taariikh ka sheekeyneynaa oo aan leennahay hebel hebel ayuu dilay oo aan sheekadaasi jiilal badan kaga hor istaageynaa iney hormar gaarin, oohinta soo naguma filno, korneel Mengistu iyo Siyaad Barre ayaa waxaa iyo waxaa sameeyey intaan ka sheekeyn lahayn oo aan labadan shacab oo walaalaha ah kala geyn lahayn, labada shacab tilaabba aan ku kulmineyno, aan isugu soo dhaweyneyno oo aan isdhexgal iyo midnima dhab ahba sidi aan isugu keeni lahayn waddo noocaasi soo ma abuuri karno ayaan guud ahaan ka wada hadalnay”. Balse arrinta intaas waa ay ka xeeldheertahay, waxayna muhiimadda Itoobiya ka leedahay Soomaaliya aad usii korortay 1993-dii ay Eritrea ka go’dey Itoobiya, taas oo dalkaas gabi ahaanba ka dhigtay mid aanan lahayn bad, waxaana aad u kordhay baahida ay Itoobiya u qabto deked ay kala soo degto badeecadaha, waxna ka dhoofsato. Heshiiska Dekedaha Soomaaliya waxa ay leedahay xeebta labaad ee Afrika ugu dheer, iyo dhawr dekedood oo ku teedsan laga soo bilaabo badda cas oo Berbera ah illaa ciribka koonfureed oo Kismaayo ah. Itoobiya waxa ay muddo dheer isticmaalaysay dekeda Berbera, balse sanadkii hore ayay wax kasta is badaleen kadib markii ay Itoobiya saami 19% ka heshay dekada Berbera kadib markii maamulka Somaliland ay heshiis la galeen shirkadda DP World, taas oo saamiga kasii iibisay Itoobiya. Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa kasoo horjeedsatay heshiiskaas, balse markii uu todobaadkan Muqdisho tagay Ra’isulwasaaraha Itoobiya Dr Abiy Axmed ayuu madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo kula heshiiyay in Itoobiya ay maalgashi ku samayso 4 dekedood oo Soomaaliya ku yaala, taasna waxa ay soo afjartay hubanti la’aantii ku hareereysneyd waxyaabaha labada dal ay heshiiska ku yihiin ee la taaban karo. Ra’isulwaasaraha Itoobiya oo murti galinayay xikmadda ka dambeysa in dalkiisa uu isticmaalo xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa yiri “Soomaaliya waa dal Juqraafi ahaan meel hal bowla ah ku yaalla, laakiin biyaha badda intaa le’eg ee Soomaaliya ku wareegsan maalinti inaan hal Markab lagu arkin ayuu noqday, biyahaasi badda intaa le’eg oo aan maalinti hal Markab xitaa lagu arkeyn, biyahana ay ahayn kuwa la cabbo dhulki wax lagu beeran lahaana biyahaasi uu dalku ka haystaan, anaguna aan dhahno dekad la’aan ayaan nahay oo aan dhibtoonno marka mustaqbalka fog laga eego aad ayey noo dhibeysaa waxyeella ayayna nagu haysaa”. Wasiirka warfaafinta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya Daahir Maxamuud Geelle ayaa u muuqday in uu ka garaabayo hadalka Dr Abiy ee biyaha ku saabsan, wuxuuna xusay in biyaha macaan ee Soomaaliya laga isticmaalo, gaar ahaan wabiyada ay ka yimaadaan Itoobiya, ayna tahay in labada dal ay wax badan is weeydaarsadaan. Oraahdii Xuseen Caydiid iyo Meles Zanawi Balse wasiirka waxa uu meesha ka saaray in labada dowladood ay ku wada heshiiyeen in ay noqdaan ‘hal dal’ sida uu shalay wareysi ku sheegay Ra’isulwasaare Abiy. Oraahda ah in labada dal ay noqonayaan ‘hal dal’ ma ahan mid cusub, horey ayayna caro weyn uga dhalatay markii ra’isulwasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya, ahaana wasiirkii arrimaha gudaha Xuseen Maxamed Caydiid uu sheegay in xudduudaha labada dal la’isku furayo, hal baasaboorna ay wadayeelanayaan. Waxay arrintan xaqiiqo u dhawaatay markii ciidamada Itoobiya ay galeen magaalada Muqdisho sanadkii 2007-dii markii ugu horeysay taariikhda, balse lagala hor yimid wax iska caabbin hubeysan, illaa markii dambe ay isaga baxaan magaalada sanado kadib. Ra’isulwasaarihii hore ee Itoobiya Meles Zanawi oo Muqdisho tagay sanadkii 2008-dii, ayaa odayaal uu la kulmay u sheegay in labada dal aysan kala maarmin, wiilasha geesiyaalka ahna aysan isaga dhamaynin dagaal ujeedo la’aan ah maadaamaa ay Afrika u baahantahay, sida aan ka xigtay qof lagu kalsoonyahay oo kulankaas joogay. Safarkii xigay ee Ra’isulwasaare Itoobiya ah ku tago Muqdisho waa kan Dr abiy, isaga waxa uu madaxda ugu saraysa dowladda Soomaaliya la saxiixday heshiis dhaqaale ahaan lagu mideynayo labada dal, waxyaabo aad u bandanna lagu wadaagayo sida ku cad war murtiyeed kasoo baxay shir ay yeesheen madaxda. Balse hadalkii uu yiri Dr Abiy markii uu ku laabtay Addis Ababa ee ahaa in labada dal mustaqbalka laga dhigayo ‘ hal dal’ ayaa ahaa mid dad badan ka yaabiyay, dowladda Soomaaliyana ay ku qasbanaatay in ay ka jawaabto. Daahir Maxamuud Geelle oo ah wasiirka Warfaafinta Soomaaliya ayaa tusaale usoo qaatay warmurtiyeedkii kasoo baxay kulankii labada hoggaamiye, kaas oo ahaa in dalalka midba midka kale uu ixtiraamo qaranimada, dhulka iyo madaxbanaanida siyaasadeed ee uu mid kasta leeyahay. Balse Prof Maxamed Ismaaciil Samatar oo ah falanqeeye siyaasadeed ayaa sheegay in aysan suurtogal ahayn in labada dal ay midoobaan, xagga iskaashigana waxa uu Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar sheegay in marka hore ay tahay in ay ka heshiiyaan waxyaabihii dhex maray, lana dhiso kalsooni. “Waxaa muuqda nin soo diyaargaroobay oo saaran faraskii Sayidka ee Xiin Finiin iyo qolo dhankeena ah oo baqalo saaran” ayuu yiri Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar oo dhaliilay heshiiskii ay gaareen labada dal, balse qirey in ay jirto baahi weyn oo loo qabo in labada dal ay sameeyaan iskaashi dhaqaale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baraha bulshada ayaa loogu faaqidayaa hadalka Dr Abiy iyo heshiiskii uu la saxiixday madaxweyne Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo. Aragti ahaane aad ayaa loogu kala qeybsanyahay waxa socda. Cabdinaasir Saxansoxo BBC Somali, Nairobi

Hague (PP) ─ Xeer-ilaaliyaha guud ee Qaranka, Dr. Axmed Cali Daahir iyo ergo ka kooban Qareenno iyo diblumaasiyiin ayaa Gaaray Maxkamadda Calaamiga ee Garsoorka (ICJ) ee magaalada Hague. Ergadan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Qareenno ay garwadeen ka tahay, Dr. Muna Al-sharman iyo danjiraha Somalia ee Midowga Yurub Cali Said Faqi, iyagoo u gudbin doona maxkamadda ICJ jawaabta gal-dacwadeedka muran badda ee u dhexeeya Somalia iyo Kenya. Maxkamadda caalamiga ah ee ICJ ayaa go’aamisay sanadkii hore inay qaadi doonto dacwadda muranka badda ee ka dhaxeeya Somalia iyo Kenya, kaas oo gaaray heer ay labada waddan si xukun iskula hadlaan. Sidoo kale, Waxaa Maxkamadda ICJ ku sugan ergo ka socota Dalka Kenya oo iyaguna gudbinaya Gal-gacwadeedkooda, inkastoo ay horay hadallo aan munaasaba uga sheegeen maxkamadda dacwada qaadaysa. Waddanka Kenya ayaa ku doodaya lahaanshaha dhul-badeed lagu qiyaasay 100,000-km2 oo ku dhaw barriga Somalia, halka Somalia ay sheegayo in badda lagu muransan yahay uu ka mid yahay biyahooda. Dhanka kale, Gudbinta dacwaddaan ayaa kusoo beegantay xilli dowladaha Somalia iyo Itoobiya ay ku heshiiyeen inay iska kaashadaan arrimo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin maal-gashi dhanka dekedaha ah. Ugu dambeyn, Dacwaddan ayaa lagu wadaa inay maxkamaddu go’aan kama dambeys ah ka gaarto marka ay dhageysato dacwadaha iyo jawaabaha ay bixinayaan labada waddan, iyadoo la filayo in Somalia dib loogu soo celiyo xuduud badeedeeda lagu muransan yahay. PUNTLAND POST The post Xeer-ilaaliyaha Guud ee Qaranka iyo Xubno la socda oo Gaaray Xarunta Maxkamadda ICJ appeared first on Puntland Post.

Muqdisho (PP) ─ Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya, Xasan Cali Khayre iyo wafdi uu hoggaaminayo ayaa gaaray magaalada Oslo oo ay si heer sare ah ugusoo dhaweeyeen safiirka Norway u fadhiya Soomaaliya iyo Masuuliyiin ka socota Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda Dalka Norway. Ra’iisul Wasaare Xasan Cali Khaye ayaa ka qeyb gelaya shirka sanadlaha ah ee madasha Oslo oo maalinta Barri ah ka furmaya Magaalada Oslo kaas oo ay marti gelinayso wasaaradda arimaha dibadda Norway. Shirkan oo qorshuhu yahay inuu socdo 19-ka illaa 20-ka Juun ayaa ah madal sanadkiiba mar la qabto loogana hadlo xallinta khilaafaadka kaas oo ay isugu yimaadaan Madax ka kala socota adduunka. Madasha waxaa ka qeyb galaya sanadkaan Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya, Xasan Cali Khayre, Ra’iisul Wasaaraha dalka Norway, Erna Solberg, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, António Guterres, Xoghayaha Guud ee Hey’adda ammaanka iyo wada shaqeynta Yurub, Thomas Greminger, U qaabishana Xog-haya guud ee Qaramada Midoobay ee arimaha Siyaasadda, Rosemary A. DiCarlo iyo wasiirrada arimaha dibadda ee dalalka Algeria, Jordan, Cummaan iyo Tanzania. Kulanka inta uu socdo waxa ay ka qeyb galayaashu ka doodayaan si qota dheerna uga hadlayaan caqabadaha ku hor gudban dadaallada Nabad dhalinta iyo sida ugu habboon ee looga gudbi karo caqabadahaas. Ugu dambeyn, Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Xukuumadda Somalia ayaa sidoo kale inta uu joogo Magaalada Oslo la kulmaya qaar kamid ah madaxda kasoo qeyb galeysa shirkaan Caalamiga ah iyaga oo ka wada hadli doona arima badan oo muhiim u ah Soomaaliya iyo dalalka iyo Hey’adaha ay ka socdaan madaxda uu la kulmayo. PUNTLAND POST The post Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Somalia iyo Wafdigiisii oo gaaray Magaalada Oslo ee Xarunta Norway appeared first on Puntland Post.

Unidentified airstrike targeted suspected Al-Shabab militants in their hideouts in two locations of southern Somalia on Sunday, residents and security officials confirmed on Monday. Source: Hiiraan Online

Degmadda Dongoroyo ee Gobolka Nugaal waxaa maanta ka qabsoomay banaanbax lagu taageerayo ciidamada Puntland ee ku sugan difaaca Aaga Tukaraq ee Gobolka Sool, waxaana fagaare ku yaala Dongoroyo kula hadlay boqolaal qof oo ka qeybgalaya mudaharaadkan masuuliyiin ka tirsan maamulka Degmadda Dongoroyo. Shacabka banaanbaxa samaynayay ayaa sitey calanka Soomaaliya iyo kan maamul Goboleedka Puntland, waxayna ku qeylinayeen ereyo ay ka mi ahaayeen “ Ciidanka Puntland guulaysta” Jabiya Soomaali diidka iyo Ereyo kale. Sidoo kale banaanbax la mid ah midka maanta ka dhacay degmadda Dongoroyo ee Gobolka Nugaal ayaa ka qabsoomay Caasimadda Dowladda Puntland ee magaalada Garoowe, halka maalmo ka hor isu soo bax lagu taageerayo ciidamada Puntland uu ka dhacay magaalada Gaalkacyo ee xarunta Gobolka Mudug. Ciidamo kala taabacsan Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa weli isku horfadhiya deegaanka Tuka-raq ee Gobolka Sool xilli labaa maamul ee dariska uu halkaas ku dhexmarey dagaalo culus oo dhaliyay khasaare dhimasho iyo dhaawac. Abshir Dhiirane. PUNTLAND POST The post Banaabax lagu taageerayo ciidanka Puntland oo maanta ka dhacay Degmada Dongoroyo. appeared first on Puntland Post.

Dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa saacadda geeska Africa marka ay tahay 4:30 galabnimo waxay gudbineysaa caddeymo ku aadan kiiska dacwadda Badda Soomaaliya ee kala dhaxeyso dalka Kenya oo ah Jawaab looga fadhiyo Soomaaliya. Dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dacweysay dalka Kenya kadib marankii ku saabsanaa Badda Soomaaliya, waxaana Kenya horey ay maxkamadda u geysay caddeymo iyo document ay ku sheegeyso in loogu saxiixay Badda. Sidoo kale dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa laga codsaday inay soo gudbiso Caddeymo iyo Documentiyo, wayna gudbisay mar hore, iyadoo hadda lagu ballansan yahay Jawaabaha. Maanta ayaa loo ballansan yahay inay dowladda Soomaaliya soo gudbiso jawaabta ku saabsan Documeniyada ay soo gudbisay Kenya. Wararka naga soo gaarayo Xarunta Maxkamadda Adduunka ayaa sheegayo inay halkaas xaadir ku yihiin Xeer ilaaliyaha Qaranka Soomaaliya, Qareenada u doodayo Soomaaliya iyo Safiirka Soomaaliya u fadhiya Biljamka Cali Saciid Fiqi. Soomaaliya ayaa la filayaa inay makamadda horteeda kusoo bandhigto muuqaal iyo Documentiyo badan oo ay uga jawaabeyso dooda ay soo gudbisay dowladda Kenya. Waxaa xusid mudan in Kiiska Badda uu soo bilowday isla markaasna uu salka ku hayo is faham dowladda Kenya iyo dowladda ay kala saxiixdeen sanadkii 2009 kadibna uu laalay Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. Waxaa heshiiskaas Badda Soomaaliya lagu wareejiyey Kenya dowladda Soomaaliya waqtigaas u saxiixay Wasiirkii Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga Cabdiramaan Cabdishakuur Warsame, waxaana xilligaas Ra’isulwasaare ahaa Cumar Cabdirashiid. Markii ugu horeysay waxaa dacwadaaan maxkamadda Adduunka u gudbisay Dowladdii Xasan Shiikh Maxamuud, waxaana hadda howsha dhameystirkeeda wado oo qarash badan ku bixineyso dowladda uu hoggaamiyo Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo.

Adis Ababa (Caasimadda Online) – Waxaa si weyn loo qaadaa-dhigay hadal uu Ra’iisal wasaaraha Itoobiya ka jeediyay Telefishanka Itoobiya markii uu ku laabtay dalkiisa kadib booqasho uu ku yimid magaalada Muqdisho oo ay heshiis is-afgarad ku gaareen isaga iyo madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Ra’isul wasaaraha Itoobiya Dr Abiy Axmed oo ka hadlayay safarkii uu ku tagay Muqdisho iyo heshiiskii uu la gaaray madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa sheegay in mustaqbalka la mideynayo labada dal ee Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya. Arrintan ayaa noqotay qodobka ugu weyn ee lagu hadal hayo baraha bulshada, waxayna dadku u qeybsameen koox difaaceysa madaxda dowladda iyo qolo ku doodeysa in adduunyadii gadoontay oo weerar ku ah madaxda dalka, laakiin haddii si weyn loo dhuuxo hadalka Ra’iisal wasaaraha Itoobiya, waxaan soo qaadan karaa qeybtan laga tarjumay hadalkiisii: “Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee wada hadallada ayaa waxay ahayd ilaa iyo goormaan taariikh ka sheekeyneynaa oo aan leennahay hebel hebel ayuu dilay oo aan sheekadaasi jiilal badan kaga hor istaageynaa iney hormar gaarin, oohinta soo naguma filno, korneel Mengistu iyo Siyaad Barre ayaa waxaa iyo waxaa sameeyey intaan ka sheekeyn lahayn oo aan labadan shacab oo walaalaha ah kala geyn lahayn, labada shacab tilaabba aan ku kulmineyno, aan isugu soo dhaweyneyno oo aan isdhexgal iyo midnima dhab ahba sidi aan isugu keeni lahayn waddo noocaasi soo ma abuuri karno ayaan guud ahaan ka wada hadalnay… Waxaan ku heshiinnay wadahadalladi na dhexmaray waa arrimo rajo badan na geliyey, si ku meel gaar ah inaan iskaashi dhaqaale oo dhammeystiran aan yeelanno, mustaqbalkana annaga oo shacabka mideyneyno inaa hal dal oo dhammeystiran aan iisu beddelno. In dekad la kireeyo ama inaan annaguna bun halkaa ka dirno oo keli ah iyadoo aysan ahayn kheyraadka baahsan ee gobolka ka jiro iyo kheyraadka shacab ee ka jiraba in la iisu geeyo waxaa lagu abuuri karaa gobol dakado badan leh, kheyraad badan leh, shacab tira bandanna leh oo suuq weyn noqda”. Abiy Ahmed wuu sii hadlay oo wuxuu sheegay in Itoobiya ay bad la’aan tahay, halka Soomaaliya ay bad ku wareegsan tahay, wuxuuna daba dhigay “Taas micnaheedu waa maxay? soomaaliya waa dal Juqraafi ahaan meel halbowle ah ku yaalla, laakiin biyaha badda intaa le’eg ee Soomaaliya ku wareegsan maalinti inaan hal Markab lagu arkin ayuu noqday, biyahaasi badda intaa le’eg oo aan maalinti hal Markab xitaa lagu arkeyn, biyahana ay ahayn kuwa la cabbo dhulki wax lagu beeran lahaana biyahaasi uu dalku ka haystaan, anaguna aan dhahno dekad la’aan ayaan nahay oo aan dhibtoonno marka mustaqbalka fog laga eego aad ayey noo dhibeysaa waxyeella ayayna nagu haysaa”. Ra’iisal wasaaraha Itoobiya oo qaba feker ah in dalalka Bariga Afrika ay midoobaan dhqaale ahaan wuxuu soo qaatay usoo qaatay dalalka adduunka qaarkoodsida Imaaraatka iyo Maraykanka, wuxuuna ka yiri “waddamada geeska Africa ka jira haddii ay u suuragasho iney noqdaan hal dal oo mideysan sida Dubai, ama sida Mareykan amaba Yurub oo kale ay noqdaan, intaan ka baxno waxyaabaha yaryar oo aan kireyno inta aan ku noolaan leheyn waxaan heli karnaa faa’idooyin ballaaran ayaan heli karnaa, caalamkana waxaan ku yeelan karnaa awood aan ku gorgortanno taa ayaan ku wada hadalnay” Marka la isku soo duubo hadalka dheer ee Ra’iisal wasaaraha Abiy Ahmed iyo fekerkiisa midnimada ma ah mid ku kooban Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya sida dadka qaarkiis ay dhinac ula cararreen, laakiin waxaa muuqata inuu ka guda-weyn yahay oo uu aamisan yahay falsafad ah in gobolka Geeska Afrika oo dhan la mideyn karo, lana gaarsiin karo barwaaqo sooran. Waxaan ugu danbeyn fekerkiisa ka arki kartaa ereyadan oo ka mid ahaa isla khudbadiisa: “Soomaliya, Kenya, Jabuuti iyo Eretiriyaba, waxaan noqoneynaa umad tiradoodu gaareyso kala badh iyo ka badan shacabka Mareykanka..” Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com

Muqdisho (Caasimadda Online) – Dowladaha Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya ayaa kala saxiixday heshiis ka kooban ilaa 16 qodob oo la filayo inay ka wada faa’ideystaan labada dal. Heshiiska labada dal dhex maray ayaa dood badan ka dhaliyey baraha Bulshada ee isticmaasho Soomaalida, taasoo badankeeda ay kiciyeen siyaasiyiinta mucaaradka ku ah dowladda Soomaaliya. Sida laga war qabo Ra’isulwasaaraha cusub ee Itoobiya Abiy Ahmed ayaa wado olole uu ku doonayo inuu ganacsiyo dhanka badda kula galo dowladaha Africa, gaar ahaan kuwa darisk la ah Itoobiyda oo ay ugu horeeyaan Jabuuti, Kenya iyo Somalia. Itoobiya oo saami dhaqaale ku yeelaneyso dekadda Dooraale ee Jabuuti Ra’isulwasaaraha Itoobiya ayaa heshiis lasoo galay dowladda Jabuuti, wuxuuna heshiiskaas si cad u sheegayey in Itoobiya wax laga siiyo Dekado ku yaalo dalkaas Heshiiskaan oo dhigaayo in dowladda Itoobiya saami ku yeelato dekadda Dooraale ee laga ceyriyay Imaaraadka Carabta in maalgashi ay ku sameeyaan shirkaddaha ganacsi ee dalka Itoobiya. Booqashadii ra’iisul wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Ahmed uu ku tagat dhawaan Jabuuti ayaa heshiisyadii uu saxiixay qeybta ugu weyn ay tahay, waxaana dhanka Jabuuti u saxiixay madaxweyne Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle. Telefishinka Itoobiya oo laga baahiyay heshiiskaan ayaa waxaa la filayaa in sida ugu dhaqsaha badan u dhaqan galo si loo bilaabo maagashiga balaran ee Itoobiya balan qaaday. Marka aad fiiriso heshiiskaas, ma waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in la isku darayo Jabuuti iyo Itoobiya? Ma madax banaanida Jabuuti ayaa gashay halis? Ma shacabka Jabuuti ayaa u arkay heshiiskaas mid Itoobiya kula wareegeyso badeeda? Jawaabta waa maya, ujeedka heshiiskaasna waa inay Jabuuti hesho maalgashi ballaaraan isla markaasna ay Itoobiya kaga faa’ideysato bad la’aanta heyso. Itoobiya iyo Kenya Oo Galay Heshiisyo Ay Ku Jiraan In Adis Ababa Dekad Ka Dhisato Lamu Ra’isul wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Axmed Cali oo dhawaan tagay dalka Kenya ayaa heshiisyo la galay madaxweynaha Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta. Heshiisyada labada dhinac kala saxiixdeen waxaa ka mid ah waddo tareen oo isku xeri-doonta Adis ilaa Nairobi iyo waddo kale oo isku xiri-doonta Laamu ilaa Adis Ababa. Arrimaha kale ee Abiy iyo Kenyatta ka heshiisyeen waxaa ka mid ah: Dhul Dekad ah oo Itoobiya laga siiyo Lamu si ay u dhistaan iyada oo duuliimaad gaar ah oo diyaaradda itoobiya Air ah loogu sameeyay Mombasa. Arrimaha biyaha mar la soo qaaday waxaa ay ka wada hadleen sidii loo qeybsan lahaa biyaha webiga Omo, Lake Turkana iyo webiga Daua. Marka aad fiiriso heshiiskaas, ma waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in la isku darayo Kenya iyo Itoobiya? Ma madax banaanida Kenya ayaa gashay halis? Ma shacabka Kenya ayaa u arkay heshiiskaas mid Itoobiya kula wareegeyso badeeda iyo dhulkeeda? Jawaabta waa maya, ujeedka heshiiskaasna waa inay labada dowladood kala helaan faa’ido isdhaafsi iyo iskaashi dhanka dhaqaalaha ah. Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya (Itoobiya oo maalgashaneysa Afar Dekadood) Kaddib safar qaatay saacado oo uu ku yimid magaalada Muqdisho Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Ahmed ayaa waxaa kulan albaabada u xirnaa ay wada qaateen Madaxweyne Farmaajo, waxaana ay ku heshiiyeen qodobo dhowr ah. Shir jaraa’id oo ay si wadajir u qabteen ayaa waxay ku sheegeen in labada dal uu dhex marayo iskaashi dhinacyo badan, oo qeyb ka ah ganacsiga, dhaqaalaha, is dhex galka bulshada labada dal iyo sameynta suuq ganacsi oo xor ah. War murtiyeedka ka soo baxay waxaa lagu sheegay in la xoojiyo xiriirka labada dal iyo dhqan-gelinta heshiisyada horay u jiray, in la hormariyo dekadaha Soomaaliya si ay uga faa’ideystaan Itoobiya iyo dalalka kale, in la dhiso jidad Soomaaliya ku xira Itoobiya, Ganacsiga la fududeeyo, maalgeshi labada dhinac ah, isu socodka, in Itoobiya taageerto nabadda iyo xasiloonida Soomaaliya iyo in mushkilada Afrika ay xaliyaan Afrikaanka dhexdooda. Labada hoggaamiye, waxaa ay isku afgarteen in la hormariyo kaabayaasha dhaqaale sida horumarinta dekadaha iyo waddooyinka muhiimka ah ee isku xira labada dal, sidoo kale labada hoggaamiye waxaa isku waafaqeen in la maalgeshto adeegyada Lojistikada iyo la sameeyo adeegyo u gaar ah dekado u shaqeyn kara badweynta Hindiya iyo badda cas Maxaa Heshiiska Somalia iyo Itoobiya ka duway heshiisyadaan? Inkastoo ay jirto cadaawad soo jireen ah oo u dhaxeyso Somalia iyo Itoobiya, haddana adduunyada dhan hadda way ka gudubtay dagaal, wax kastana waxaa lagu xaliyaa heshiis iyo wada noolaansho, ma jiro wax dhib ah oo ku jiro inay heshiisyaan dowladaha Somalia iyo Itoobiya isla markaasna ay iska kaashadaan dhinac kasta amni, dhaqaale iyo siyaasad ahaanba. Haddii Ay labada dowladood heshiiyaan kama dhigno ina la isku darayo Itoobiya iyo Somalia, sababtoo ah waa laba dal oo ka wada tirsan Qaramada Midoobay wuxuuna heshiiskaan la galeyno lamid yahay midda ay dowladaha Jabuuti iyo Kenya la galeyn. Kaliya farqiga u dhaxeeyo heshiiska Somalia iyo Itoobiya iyo midda Itoobiya la gashay Kenya iyo Jabuuti waa Shacabka Soomaaliyeed oo aan weli iloobin cadaawada ka dhaxeyso labada dal iyo suuq geyn been abuur ah oo ay sameenayaan Siyaasiyiin Soomaaliyeed oo dano siyaasadeed iyo kursi doon ah!. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com

The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of the Federal Republic of Somalia has drafted regulations to manage the country’s petroleum and mineral resources sectors, especially in regard to ownership and revenue sharing. Source: Hiiraan Online

Muqdisho (Caasimadda Online) – War Murtiyeed ay si wada jirka ah u soo saareen hogaamiyaasha labada dal ee Soomaaliya iyo Etiboobiya ayay ku heshiiyeen qodobo ay ka mid ahaayeen maalgelinta 4 dekadood, furashada qunsuliyado iyo sii wadista heshiisyadii hore ee jiray. Hadaba maxay yihiin heshiisyada jiray oo lagu xusay war murtiyeedka, maxay ka dhigantahay maalgahsiga dekadaha iyo furashada qunsuliyado – su’aalahaas ayaa VOA weydiisay Dr Axmed Maxamed Kheyre oo shahaada PHD ka haysta Qawaaniinta Caalamiga ah. Dr. Axmed Maxamed ayaa ugu horeyn sheegay in heshiiska labada dowladood qodobada uu ka koobnaa ay jiraan qodobo u baahnaa in la fasiro lana caddeeyo ujeedka laga leeyahay, isagoo sii raaciyey inay jiraan kuwa kale oo dhalinayo su’aalo badan, Sidoo kale Dr. ayaa sheegay inay isaga la tahay inay heshiiskaas ku jiraan qodobo kale oo qatar ku noqon kara Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya isla markaasa uu mid mid u kor istaagayo. Ugu horreyntii wuxuu sheegay in heshiisyada hadda la kala saxiixday ay daba socdaan safar hore oo uu Farmaajo ku tagay Adis Ababa 3- 5 Bishii March sanadkii 2017, kulankaas waxaa laga soo saaray war murtiyeed, war murtiyeedkaas waxaa kamid ahaa inay labada dal isku raaceen in la hirgeliyo heshiisyadii hore ee la saxiixday, lana dardargeliyo nidaamyadii iskaashiga ay jiray. Dr. Axmed ayaa tilmaamay inaan la caddeyn heshiisyadaas cidda lala galay isagoo yiri “ Ma heshiisyadii dowladihii hore galeenaa, ma heshiisyo Maamul Goboleedyada galeenaa, mise waa heshiisyo ay galeen hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii lama caddeyn, marka laga hadlayo arrimaha caalamiga waxaa muhiim in la caddeyo waxa laga hadlayo iyo waxa laga heshiinayo, iyadoo aan intaas la caddeyn ayaana la sameeyey guddi heer sare ah labada dhinac ah oo heshiisyada dhameystira. Dr. Axmed oo sii hadlayey ayaa yiri “ marka aad u timaado, war muriyeedka ay labada hoggaamiye soo sareen, waxaa ku jiro qodob arrintaas xoojinayo ama daba socdo, tusaale ahaan qodobka seddedxaad ee heshiiska ku jiro ayaa ah 3 – Labada mas’uul waxay soo dhaweeyeen dhismaha guddi ka shaqeeya iskashiga labada dal oo horey loogu heshiiyay, kaasi oo ah heer wasiiro, kaasi oo ka shaqeyndoona horumarinta ilaaqaadka diblomaasiyadeed iyo midka ganacsi ee labada dhinacaba leh. Marka midda in la caddeeyo u baahan waa heshiisyadaas waxa ay yihiin iyo cidda lala galay” Dr. Axmed ayaa dowladda iyo Baarlamaanka ugu baaqay inay dib ugu noqdaan heshiisyadaas waxa ay yihiin iyo cidda lala galay si looga fiirsado go’aanada ay qaadanayaan labadada guddii ee la sameeyey si looga fogaado in la saxiixo heshiisyo dalka wax dhimayo. Wuxuu ka digay inay soo bixi karaan heshiisyo halis ah oo ay saxiixeen hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii, Maamul Goboleedyada iyo dowladihii hore ee midaan madaxweyne Farmaajo kaga horreeyey xukunka. Haddaba halkaan hoose ka dhageyso Wargeysigiisa oo dhameystiran https://www.caasimada.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/dd0ad351-60b6-4244-8701-992fbdfd64c5_48k.mp3 Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com

The finds of a recently concluded survey on five development projects funded by the World Bank in Somaliland were presented today in Hargeisa. The five development projects funded by the World Bank in the include the Ministry of Finance-Public Finance Reform Office (pfm) project, the Somaliland Civil Service Reform Project, the Hargeisa local government project and two other projects currently being implemented by the ministry of national planning and ministry of environment and rural development, The recently concluded survey was jointly conducted by the Auditor-General office and BTM, an international firm confirmed that the world bank projects were efficiently being put into practice. Mr. Ahmed Yousuf Dirir, Auditor General and representatives of BTM jointly affirmed that work on these projects is going well. Hon Mohamed Dahir Ahmed Mohamed, deputy minister of finance speaking on the occasion noted the importance Of improving the nation’s financial management system and transparency.

By Dr. Hussein Mohamed Nur The SNM had strong networks of cells operating inside the country. The principal goal was to facilitate operations and support networks for the movement. Those networks consisted of a diverse people of different backgrounds including business people, traders, petty street workers, students, teachers, women, employees and professionals etc. of the various departments and institutions of the government and armed forces of different ranks. The latter also included high ranking military officials within the army who acted as a linchpin in the internal operations of the SNM. Colonel Ibrahim Ismail Koodbur was a ranking military officer embedded within the 26th sector of the army in Hargeisa. Koodbur was one of the extraordinarily brave men in the history and struggle of the SNM. He was the main architect together with other SNM officers such as Colonel Abdisalam Mohamoud Jama (Turki) and others. Colonel Ibrahim Ismail Koodbur In April 1983, Abdillahi Askar, Abdisalam Mohamoud ‘Turki’ and others entered Hargeisa as a group to join an SNM inside cell including Colonel Ibrahim Kodbur (a member of the national army as a high ranking officer). The purpose of the mission was to conduct a secret operation in Hargeisa. The original mission was to headhunt high ranking government officials (the commanders of the 26th sector of the army, the NSS, the Hangash and others). Unfortunately, before any action was conducted in accordance with the plan, the unit faced a sudden unforeseen problem. The unit members switched the original plan into a rescue operation due to the unexpected change in the original plan. They had to divert mission as a colleague member, Colonel Abdillahi Barkhad Askar, was caught on 10 April 1983 by the Victory Pioneers (Guulwadayaal) and later moved to be imprisoned at Birjeex military Headquarter, a highly fortified and enforced security prison within the 26th sector of the army forces Birjeex compound. At the time there were preparations for the celebrations of the Somali armed forces day (12th of April 1983) underway. This happened after the unit had a meeting on the evening of 10th April 1983 at a house owned by Ismail Sheikh Musa Duale. As they finished meeting they left for another location to stay in the night. Abdillahi Askar was left behind. Askar left the house alone afterward and was stopped by the Guulwadayaal on the road on his way to join the rest. He was brought to their center of the so-called ‘Victory Pioneers’ (Xarunta Guulwadayaal) (today’s site of the parliament). Askar was later moved to Birjeex. General Gani, commander of the 26th Sector of the armed formed in Hargeisa planned to bring Askar to the Hargeisa National Theatre on the next evening of 11 April 1983, the night before the celebration of the Somali military day as a show to the public before his execution plan on the next day. Members of the SNM rescue unit of Birjeex operation The SNM unit immediately knew of the incident (from reports of an insider SNm cell unit) and urgently organized a small unit with Colonel Ibrahim Kodbur as the coordinator to rescue Askar. The unit consisted of 11: 1. Abdisalam Turki, 2. Said Abdi (said Birjeex), 3. Ibrahim Ismail Kodbur, 4. Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi, 5. Suleiman Said (Yare), 6. Ibrahim Arab, 7. Ahmed Hussein Warsame, 8. Said Kur-Libah, 9. Aden Maal Aqli, 10. Abdirahman Eid Farah, 11. Said Ahmed Dhigane. Kodbur was an insider link man, coordinator and the anchorman who still a high ranking officer in the Somali army. He was leading the activities. He had the rota as the duty command Officer that night. He was our anchor man. They made themselves ready the next day (11 April) late afternoon together with two rescue vehicles and went according to the plan. They enforced entry from the entrance gate of Birjeex straight to where Askar was kept. At first, they met with some resistance from a well-equipped guard and started exchanging fire with the guard. But that was surprisingly shock and awe for them. In fact, the shooting took place in close range and immediately they had the upper hand. Two of their colleagues were hit but were managed successfully to be taken out with them alive together with the prisoner. Askar was in bad state and completely immobile due to the damages he was received whilst in the hands of the enemy. He was subjected to savage torture and beaten. He was in pajamas. His skin was burnt all over with candles and cigarette butts (as they noticed later afterward). They took the wounded men and the prisoner and swiftly hit the exit gate towards two vehicles parked outside and on standby. However, they escaped in one of the cars abandoning as it had an engine failure. One of the wounded men was Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi. He was badly wounded. They brought him out into a bush of shrubs nearby. Unfortunately, it was impossible to take him with them. The circumstances got out of hand. Bihi told ordered them to leave him on the spot. There was literally no chance to save him. They suddenly sped off towards the south, the direction of the border. At the Masalaha area, the only transport vehicle they became faulty. The engine would not start. Just after dusk and after the Maghrib prayers as they were frustrated but did not lose faith and on dependence on the All-Mighty, Allah, a miracle happened (as reported by Colonel Turki who is alive today – details are available in the forthcoming book of the author ‘The Rebirth of Somaliland’). With the Grace of Allah’s and his permission, they gave the engine one last trial. Upon the first turn ignition and the engine miraculously roared like a brand new machine. They then sped off as fast as they could. They were never spotted by the enemy and therewith crossed the border at Harshin safely. Bihi who was left behind died after killing several enemy soldiers. A memorial monument today stands on the spot where Bihi died. A memorial monument has been recently erected where Bihi died. Of the 11 members of that spectacularly successful mission, as we write today only three of them are alive (Abdisalam Turki, Adan Mal Aqli, and Abdiraham Eid). The first two live in Hargeisa. Abdirahman Ciid lives in Ainabo, Sarar region. The rest of the team died (some in action during the operation, others in action during the SNM invasion in 1988 and still others in different circumstances. Ibrahim Ismail (Kodbur) died in 1987; Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi (died in action) in action in 983); Said Abdi Yasin died in 1988); Said Ahmed Dhigane (died in action in 1983); Saleban Said died in 1988; Ahmed Warsame Malosh died in 2002. In the decade of SNM liberation, thousands of civilians and SNM fighters including the top leading commanders lost their lives. The SNM lost some of its heroic and daring officers. Mohamed Ibrahim Hadrawi, one of the famous Somali cultural creator, poet, and composer, highlighted some of the SNM officers killed in battles in a series of poems known as ‘Dalalay series’: Dil-dillaaca dhiigiyo The blood-gushing cracks Inta nacabku dooxee All those massacred by the enemy Dhan baan ku dhaabtay I sweared Birjeex deedankeedi In the Birjeex vicinity Laga diday kulkeediyo Fled from its mercilessness Degsan baan ku dhaabtay O by Degsan, I swear Lixle damacyadiisii The ambitions of Lixle’(1) Diric Ina Saleebaan The son of Suleiman Duxan baan ku dhaabtay O by Duhan, I swear Ifkuu Xaamud daariyo (2) The enlightenment of Hamud Khaliif doorankiisiyo (3) The wishes of Khalif Degan baan ku dhaabtay O by Deggan I swear Hurre doonaantiisii (4) Hurre’s engagement? Gurey Ina Dawaariyo (5) Gurey, the son of Dawareh Dar kalaan ku dhaabtay And many others, I swear Islow dara-digiisii (6) Islows ? Danab Adan Shiiniyo (7) Thunderous Aden Shiine Dadban baan ku dhaabtay O by Dadban, I swear Karuur duur-xulkiisii (8) Karur, his wilderness Iyo Damalkii Koosaar (9) And Kosar’s wisdom Dedan baan ku dhaabtay O by Deggan, I swear 1 Mohamed Hashi Deria (lixle); 2. Hamud Ibrahim Yasin; 3. Khalif Sh. Ahmed; 4. Mohamed Haji Hassan (Hurre); 5. Ibrahim Farah Dawarre *Gurey); 6. Mohamed Ahmed Mohamoud (Islawayne); 7. Aden Sh Mohamoud Sh. Abdillahi (Aden Shiine); 8. Abdi Sh Jama (Karuur); 9. Abdulkadir Kosar Abdi. In 1987 the SNM launched an operation inside Hargeisa city. The purpose was the killings of top government officers in the North especially Hargeisa such as the commander of the 26th Sector of the armed forces in the North, the Commander of the Police force, the governor etc. Meanwhile, Ahmed Ade, the top ranking officer of the NSS and a colleague of his nicknamed ‘Degmo-Laqas’ were successfully slain in the process. Many at times it was not uncommon that civilians were caught in revenge for the actions and operations of the SNM. Most of the people were usually the suspects of supporting the SNM. Soon after that operation Sulub Jama Aw Osman (also known as Sulub Ugaadhyahan) and a friend of his who were both members of a clandestine SNM cell in Hargeisa were caught and imprisoned. For three months they faced an ordeal. They were badly beaten and tortured in the Hargeisa Central Prison. Sulub described the merciless ordeal they went through (described elsewhere in the author’s forthcoming book ‘The Rebirth of Somaliland). Later on, they made an extraordinary successful escape from the prison in Hargeisa. To be continued…