Nairobi, Kenya – In a move aimed at promoting regional integration and easing travel across Africa, Kenya’s Cabinet has announced new measures to simplify travel for African nationals, exempting most countries on the continent from the Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) requirement. However, due to ongoing security concerns, Somalia and Libya have been excluded from these exemptions. Under the revised policy, visitors from African countries can stay in Kenya for up to two months. Nationals of the East African Community (EAC) member states, including Somalia, will continue to enjoy a six-month stay, in line with the EAC’s free movement protocols. Despite this, Somalia’s exclusion from the eTA waiver has raised questions, particularly given its membership in the EAC and the close ties between the two nations. The decision was made during the first Cabinet meeting in 2025, chaired by President William Ruto at the State Lodge in Kakamega. The Cabinet stated that the initiative aims to foster regional integration and boost tourism across the continent. “As part of efforts to support open skies policies and tourism growth, a key proposal is to grant eTA exemptions to all African countries except Somalia and Libya—due to security concerns. This initiative aims to promote regional integration and ease travel across the continent,” read the Cabinet dispatch. Somalia’s exclusion Kenya has long cited security threats, including the presence of militant groups such as Al-Shabaab, as a reason for maintaining strict travel and border controls. However, this decision will likely disappoint many Somalis, particularly those who frequently travel to Kenya for business, education, or medical purposes. The eTA system, introduced in January 2024, requires all travelers, including children, to obtain prior approval before entering Kenya. The permit costs $30 (approximately Sh3,880) and is valid for a single entry, allowing a stay of up to 90 days. This adds an extra layer of bureaucracy and cost to Somalis’ travel plans despite the historical and economic ties between the two nations. Implications for Somalia-Kenya relations Somalia’s exclusion from the eTA waiver could strain the already complex relationship between the two countries. While Kenya has been a key partner in Somalia’s efforts to combat terrorism and stabilize its institutions, this decision may be perceived as a setback to bilateral relations. Somalia’s membership in the EAC, which it joined in 2023, was seen as a step toward deeper regional integration. However, its exclusion from the eTA exemptions raises questions about the practical benefits of this membership for Somali citizens. Other Reforms to the eTA System In addition to the exemptions, the Cabinet approved several reforms to the eTA system, including introducing an expedited processing option that allows travelers to receive instant approval. The standard processing time for eTAs will be capped at 72 hours, depending on operational capacity. The government has also waived eTA fees for travelers from several African countries, including Botswana, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Comoros, Eritrea, and the Republic of Congo. Furthermore, implementing an Advanced Passenger Information/Passenger Name Record (API/PNR) system is expected to enhance pre-screening, bolster security, and streamline passenger processing at entry points.

Maalintii ugu horeysay ee uu dib ugu soo laabtay xafiiska, Madaxweyne Donald Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegtooyin fulineed oo tiro badan kuwaas oo lagu burinayo siyaasadihii xukuumaddii hore loona hirgelinayo ajandihiisa gaarka ah. Wareegtooyinkan waxay muujinayaan sida uu uga go’an yahay ballanqaadyadii ololihiisa iyo aragtidiisa mustaqbalka dalka. Hoos waxaa ku xusan faahfaahin ku saabsan wareegtooyinka muhiimka ah ee uu saxiixay Madaxweyne Trump: Ka Bixitaanka Heshiiska Cimilada Paris Si uu u fuliyo ballanqaadkiisii ololaha ee mudnaanta siinaya madax-bannaanida tamarta Mareykanka, Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegto fulineed oo Mareykanka looga saarayo Heshiiska Cimilada Paris. Talaabadani waxay ujeedadeedu tahay in laga yareeyo caqabadaha sharciyeed ee saaran shirkadaha tamarta gudaha iyo horumarinta wax soo saarka gudaha. Xaalad Degdeg ah oo Lagu Dhawaaqay Xadka Koonfureed Madaxweyne Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo ka jirta xadka koonfureed ee Mareykanka, taasoo u ogolaanaysa in ciidamo la geeyo si loo joojiyo galitaanka sharci-darrada ah. Wareegtadan waxay ujeedadeedu tahay xoojinta ammaanka xadka iyo joojinta socdaalka sharci-darrada ah. Joojinta Dhalashada Si Toos ah Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegto fulineed oo lagu joojinayo dhalashada tooska ah ee carruurta ay dhalaan waalidiin aan sharciyeysneyn. Talaabadan muranka dhalisay waxay la kulmi doontaa caqabado sharciyeed, maadaama ay dib u fasireyso Wax-ka-beddelka 14-aad ee Dastuurka Mareykanka, kaas oo xaqiijinaya dhalashada qof kasta oo ku dhasha ama la sharciyeeyo gudaha dalka. Cafiskii Dadkii Weeraray Capitol Janaayo Trump wuxuu cafis u fidiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo qof oo lagu eedeeyay ka qeyb qaadashada weerarkii Capitol ee Janaayo 6, 2021. Taageerayaashu waxay u arkaan tallaabadan mid dib u heshiisiin ah, halka kuwa dhaliilaya ay u arkaan in ay dhaawac u geysanayso sharciga dalka. Beddelidda Magaca Gacanka Mexico Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegto lagu beddelayo magaca Gacanka Mexico loona bixiyey Gacanka America. Talaabadan waxay xambaarsan tahay calaamad muujinaysa madax-bannaanida iyo sharfta Mareykanka, inkasta oo aysan wax saameyn ah ku lahayn juqraafi ahaan. Hakinta Gargaarka Dibadda ee Mareykanka Barnaamijyada gargaarka dibadda ee Mareykanka oo dhan waa la hakiyay inta laga sameynayo dib-u-eegis. Wareegtadan waxay ujeedadeedu tahay in gargaarka Mareykanka uu la jaanqaado danaha qaranka iyo qiimihiisa, lagana hortago wax isdabamarin ah. Dib-u-soo Celinta Xorriyadda Hadalka Wareegto la saxiixay ayaa dib u soo celinaysa ilaalinta xorriyadda hadalka iyo ka hortagga cabburinta dowladda. Trump wuxuu doonayaa in uu xoojiyo xuquuqda Qodobka Koowaad ee Dastuurka Mareykanka, wuxuuna la dagaalamayaa waxa uu ku tilmaamay xadgudubka sii kordhaya ee xagga xorriyadda hadalka. Xannibaadda Shaqaalaysiinta Dowladda Xannibaad ayaa lagu soo rogay shaqaalaysiinta hay’adaha dowladda, marka laga reebo ciidamada iyo meelaha muhiimka ah. Wareegtadan waxay ujeedadeedu tahay dhimista miisaaniyadda dowladda iyo yareynta shaqaalaha. Digniinta La Xiriirta Kacsanaanta Qiimaha Nolasha Si wax looga qabto dhibaatada kor u kaca qiimaha nolasha, Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegto ay ku jiraan tallaabooyin lagu dhimayo sicir bararka, canshuuraha, iyo kor u qaadista mushaaraadka, si loo horumariyo nolasha qoysaska Mareykanka. Joojinta Shaqo-qorista Kala-duwanaanta, Is-dhexgalka, iyo Sinaanta Trump wuxuu saxiixay wareegto lagu joojinayo shaqo qorista ku saleysan kala-duwanaanta, is-dhexgalka, iyo sinaanta ee hay’adaha dowladda. Waxa uu ku doodaya in tallaabadan ay dhiirigelinayso nidaamka shaqaalaysiinta ee ku saleysan kartida iyo in la baabi’iyo waxa uu ugu yeeray siyaasad kala qeybin iyo takoorka ah. Wareegtooyinkan fulineed waxay calaamad u yihiin bilowga dadaalka Trump uu doonayo in uu dib ugu habeeyo siyaasadda Mareykanka si waafaqsan aragtidiisa. Wareegto kasta waxay leedahay saameyn weyn oo ku saabsan arrimaha nolosha Mareykanka, laga soo bilaabo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda tamarta ilaa xorriyadda hadalka iyo miisaaniyadda dowladda. Source: goobjoog.com

The Port of Berbera, situated in Somaliland along the Gulf of Aden, is fast emerging as a vital hub in the Horn of Africa, offering strategic and economic opportunities for countries seeking to secure their trade routes and expand geopolitical influence. With its 500-mile coastline and proximity to key global shipping lanes, Berbera provides a stable and secure alternative to the high-risk zones near Yemen. For India, Berbera represents a strategic opportunity to strengthen its trade ties with Africa, enhance maritime security, and counter destabilizing forces in the region, particularly as the global trade environment grows increasingly volatile. Berbera’s significance stems from its geographical location at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The port lies on a critical maritime corridor connecting the Indian Ocean with the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, making it an ideal gateway for trade between these regions. In recent years, this potential has been unlocked by substantial investments from DP World, the Dubai-based global logistics company. Since 2016, DP World has poured over $442 million into modernizing Berbera, transforming it from a modest facility into a state-of-the-art deepwater port. This transformation includes the construction of a container terminal with an annual capacity of 500,000 TEUs (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units) and plans to increase capacity to 2 million TEUs in the near future. Berbera’s upgraded infrastructure and efficient operations have earned it the distinction of being ranked second in Africa on the World Bank’s Container Port Performance Index, trailing only Djibouti. This efficiency has reduced turnaround times for vessels and made Berbera a reliable alternative to ports in Yemen, which remain plagued by instability due to the ongoing conflict. Ports such as Hodeidah and Aden, under the control of Houthi rebels backed by Iran, have become hotspots for smuggling, military activities, and threats to maritime trade. For India, which depends heavily on secure shipping routes through the Gulf of Aden for its energy imports and trade with Europe and Africa, Berbera offers a stable and viable solution to mitigate risks. India’s trade with Africa has been growing steadily, with bilateral trade reaching $98 billion in 2022–23, up from $56 billion in 2017–18. Africa is now one of India’s most important trading partners, with key imports including crude oil, precious metals, and agricultural products, while Indian exports to the continent include pharmaceuticals, machinery, and textiles. However, much of this trade depends on maritime corridors that are increasingly vulnerable to piracy, terrorism, and geopolitical tensions. Berbera’s stability, coupled with its strategic location, provides an opportunity for India to diversify its trade routes and reduce its reliance on traditional hubs such as Djibouti, which are often congested and expensive. Beyond trade, Berbera offers India a platform to enhance its maritime security and strengthen its presence in the region. The Gulf of Aden is a vital chokepoint for global trade, with more than 21,000 ships transiting the region annually, accounting for nearly 12% of global trade. However, the area remains a hotspot for piracy and smuggling. Since 2008, the Indian Navy has been actively involved in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, escorting over 4,000 ships and safeguarding critical maritime routes. Partnering with Somaliland and using Berbera as a logistical base for such operations could enhance India’s naval capabilities and ensure the security of its interests in the region. This aligns with India’s broader Indo-Pacific strategy, which emphasizes the importance of free and open trade routes in fostering regional stability. The geopolitical dynamics of the region further underscore Berbera’s importance. The UAE’s investment in the port is part of a larger strategy by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to counter Iran’s influence in the Horn of Africa. Iran’s support for the Houthi rebels in Yemen has destabilized the region, turning Yemeni ports into hubs for smuggling weapons and launching attacks on shipping vessels. For India, which has close ties with the UAE and other GCC countries, aligning with Berbera’s development efforts could strengthen its position in countering regional threats and ensuring stability in the Gulf of Aden. This is particularly important as China continues to expand its influence in East Africa, including its military base in Djibouti. Berbera offers India a chance to establish a counterbalance to China’s growing presence and assert its own strategic interests in the region. Economically, Berbera’s transformation has the potential to unlock significant opportunities for Indian businesses. Somaliland has established a free trade zone near the port, offering tax incentives and streamlined customs processes to attract foreign investment. Indian companies could leverage this zone to establish manufacturing hubs and enhance trade with East African markets such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. India is already a major supplier of pharmaceuticals and textiles to Africa, accounting for 16.1% of pharmaceutical imports and 5.6% of textile imports to the continent in 2022. Using Berbera as a gateway could help Indian exporters reduce transportation costs and increase their market share in the region. India’s engagement with Somaliland and Berbera could also extend to infrastructure development, capacity building, and energy cooperation. By investing in roads, railways, and logistics networks connecting Berbera to the hinterlands of East Africa, India could facilitate smoother trade flows and enhance regional connectivity. Training Somaliland’s workforce in port management, logistics, and security could further solidify India’s role as a trusted partner. Additionally, exploring opportunities to import liquefied natural gas (LNG) and other resources through Berbera could strengthen India’s energy security. While Somaliland’s lack of international recognition poses certain challenges, its political stability and effective governance make it an attractive partner. For India, engaging with Somaliland does not necessitate formal recognition; instead, partnerships can be fostered through multilateral platforms such as the African Union and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). This pragmatic approach would allow India to support Somaliland’s development while avoiding diplomatic complexities. In conclusion, the Port of Berbera is emerging as a strategic gateway in the Horn of Africa, offering India a unique opportunity to enhance its trade, security, and geopolitical influence. Its stable environment, modern infrastructure, and pivotal location make it an ideal partner for India’s efforts to secure its maritime interests and deepen its engagement with Africa. By investing in Berbera and fostering closer ties with Somaliland, India can not only diversify its trade routes but also contribute to regional stability and economic growth. As global trade continues to evolve, Berbera stands out as a cornerstone for India’s strategic ambitions in the Horn of Africa and the wider Indo-Pacific region Source Goachronicle Qaran News

𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐠𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐱𝐰𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐞 Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdillaahi (Cirro) waxa uu maanta oo ay taariikhdu tahay 21/01/2025 uu wareegto Madaxweyne ku aas aasey Guddida Nabadda Jamhuuriyada Somaliland Waxaanay u dhignayd Wareegtada Madaxweynuhu Sidan :- 𝐗𝐞𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐱𝐰𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐞 𝐋𝐫 𝟎𝟏/𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓. 𝐀𝐚𝐚𝐬-𝐚𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐍𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐢 𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐚𝐲: Qodobada 90aad iyo 113aad ee Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐢 𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐚𝐲 : Qodobka 63(3) ee Xeerka Kala Xadaynta Nidaamka Xukuumadda iyo Hay’adaha Madaxa Bannaan Xeer Lr. 71/2015 oo dhigaya in Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland isaga oo la tashanaaya cidda ay khusayso uu dhisi karo hay’ado Madax-banaan oo loo xilsaaro hawlo gaar ah; 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐢 𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐤𝐮 𝐪𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐚𝐲: In ay Nabaddu tahay furaha horumarka iyo jiritaanka nolosha, la’aanteedna aan la gaadhi karin degannansho siyaasadeed, xasillooni dhaqaale iyo horumar bulsho; 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐢 𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐚𝐲 : In Qaranku u baahan-yahay Hay’ad Dawladeed oo Madax-bannaan oo si gaar ah ugu xilsaaran hawlaha Nabadda iyo dib u heshiisiinta; 𝗪𝗮𝘅𝗮 𝗮𝗮𝗻 𝗴𝗼’𝗮𝗮𝗺𝗶𝘆𝗲𝘆 𝗾𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗮𝗻: 𝗤𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗯𝗸𝗮 𝟭𝗮𝗮𝗱: 𝗔𝗮𝘀𝗮𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗮 𝗚𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗮 𝗡𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗮: Waxa halkan lagu Aasaasay Guddiga Nabadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland oo noqonaya Guddi Qaranka ugu xilsaaran hawlaha Nabadda. Guddiga Nabadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa uu yeelanayaa Jiritaan Qaanuuni ah iyo shaambad u gaar ah. Guddiga Nabaddu waxa uu waajibaadkooda iyo howlahooda shaqo u gudanayaan si waafaqsan Shareecada Islaamka, Dastuurka iyo Xeerarka kale ee Dalka. Xarunta guud ee Guddiga Nabaddu waxa ay noqonaysaa Caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee Hargeysa, waxaana uu laamo ka furan karaa Gobollada dalka haddii loo baahdo. 𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟐𝐚𝐚𝐝: 𝐔𝐣𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐚 𝐀𝐚𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐍𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 Ujeedada Aasaasidda Guddiga Nabadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waa in la abuuro jawi nabadayn oo ku saleysan wada-xaajood, isfaham, iyo ka qeyb-gal bulsho si Qaranka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland uu u hanto nabad iyo xasillooni waarta. 𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟑𝐚𝐚𝐝 𝐗𝐢𝐥𝐤𝐚 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐚𝐣𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐤𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐍𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚; Xilka iyo Waajibaadka Guddiga Nabadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ka mid ah; Horumarinta nabadda iyo midnimada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; Fududeynta wada-hadallada nabadda iyo abuuridda fagaarayaal iyo jawi wada xaajood si loo xoojiyo nabadda iyo xasilloonida bulshada loogana hortago khilaafyada iyo colaadaha deegaannada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; Hormmood ka noqoshada dedaalada xukuumadda ee nabadynta, Xallinta khilaafaadka iyo dib-u-heshiisiinta; Qabashada iyo fududeynta shirarka nabadaynta iyo wada xaajooodyada bulshooyinka ay colaaduhu saameeyeen; Hirgalinta fagaarayaal iyo kulanno lagaga hadlayo dhibaatooyinka colaadaha keena iyo soo-jeedinta kalsooni dhiska iyo isla-xisaabtanka; Kor u qaadista kalsoonida iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada, iyo ka hortagga khataraha nabadda; Kala-talinta Xukuumadda dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadaha la xidhiidha dhismaha nabadda, ka hortagga colaadaha iyo ilaalinta danaha bulshada; Ka talo-bixinta xaaladaha iyo khilaafyada keeni kara isku-dhacyada beelaha iyo degaanada dalka, si looga hortago in khilaafaadkaasi isku beddelaan rabshado keeni kara xasillooni darro baahsan; Soo-saariddas go’aamo nabadeed oo lagu xallinayo khilaafaadka, laguna dhiirigelinayo sidii dhinacyada colaaduhu saameeyeen looga dhexdhalin lahaa is-afgarad iyo nabad-gelyo waarta; Go’aaminta tallaabooyinka lagaga hortagayo, ama lagu xallinayo khilaafaadyada, iyo sida oo kale tallaabooyinka lagu dhisayo laguna ilaalinayo in Qaranka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland uu helo nabad iyo xasillooni waarta; Xoojinta iyo taageeridda dedaalada lagu dhisayo isfahanka bulshada iyo wada noolaanshaha si loo dhiirigeliyo wada noolaanshaha loona dhiso wacyiga bulshada ee iskaashiga iyo adkaynta nabadda; Katalo-bixinta siyaasaddaha iyo qorsheyaasha dawladda ee la xidhiidha nabadaynta iyo ka-hortagga colaadaha; Kala-shaqaynta hay’adaha amniga dalka sidii loo fulin lahaa go’aamada guddiga nabadda ee la xidhiidha nabadaynta iyo xalinta khilaafaadka; La shaqaynta cid kasta oo ku hawlan ka shaqaynta nabadda; Iyo Qabashada shaqo kasta oo kale oo la xidhiidha nabadda ee uu Madaxweynuhu u xilsaaro; 𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟒𝐚𝐚𝐝: 𝐗𝐮𝐛𝐧𝐚𝐡𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐍𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 Xubnaha Guddiga Nabaddu waxa ay ka koobnaanayaan 7 toddoba xubnood, oo kala ah, Guddoomiye iyo Guddoomiye ku-xigeen iyo 5 Xubnood oo kale; Guddoomiyaha, Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka iyo Xubnaha kale ee Guddiga Nabada waxa magacaabaya isla markaana xilka ka qaadi kara Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; Guddigu waxa ay yeelan kartaa Xoghaye iyo la-taliyayaal u qaabilsan howlaha ay u baahdaan ka gacan-siintooda; Xogayaha Guddiga iyo lataliyayaasha kale waxaa magacaabaya isla markaana xilka ka qaadi kara Guddoomiyaha Guddiga kaddib marka uu la tashado xubnaha kale ee Guddiga; 𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟓𝐚𝐚𝐝: 𝐗𝐢𝐥𝐤𝐚 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐚𝐣𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐤𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐡𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐍𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 Xilka iyo waajibaadka Guddoomiyaha Guddiga waxa ka mid ah; Inuu Maamulo hawl-maalmeedka guddiga; Inuu isku dubarido isla markaana socodsiiyo hawlaha nabadda ee Guddigu u xil saaran yahay; Inuu metelo kuna hadlo magaca Guddiga; Inuu guddoomiyo shirarka Guddiga; Inuu diyaariyo isla markaana usoo bandhigo xubnaha Guddiga qorshayaasha iyo barnaamijyada nabadda; Inuu abuuro jawi wadashaqayneed oo udhexeeya Guddiga iyo Hay’adaha kale ee Nabadda ku hawlan; Inuu saxeexo qoraalada rasmiga ah ee Guddiga; Inuu magacaabo xoghayaha iyo lataliyaytaasha guddiga markuu kala tashado xubnaha kale ee guddiga; Inuu diyaariyo warbixinaha guddiga, una gudbiyo hay’adaha ay khusayso iyo Madaxweynaha; Inuu qabto shaqo kasta oo kale oo la xidhiidha hawlaha nabadda ee Guddigu u xilsaaran tahay; 𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟔𝐚𝐚𝐝: 𝐗𝐢𝐥𝐤𝐚 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐚𝐣𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐤𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐲𝐞 𝐤𝐮-𝐱𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐤𝐚 𝐆𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚 Xilka iyo waajibadka Guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Guddiga waxa ka mid ah: Gudashada xilka Guddoomiyaha marka uu Guddoomiyuhu maqan yahay ama ay banaanaato jagada Guddoomiyaha Guddigu. Waxa uu ka caawinayaa Guddoomiyaha gudashada hawlaha shaqo ee Guddigu u xilsaaran yahay. Gudashada waajibaadka kale ee Guddoomiyuhu u igmado. 𝗤𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗯𝗸𝗮 𝟳𝗮𝗮𝗱: 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗮 𝗚𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗮 Si ay u gutaan waajibaadkooga shaqo Guddiga Nabaddu waxa ay yeelanayaan shirar joogto ah; Shirarka Guddiga waxaa isugu yeeri kara Guddoomiyaha ama marka ay codsadaan ugu yaraan saddex xubnood oo Guddiga ah, waxa ayna ku kulmi karaan meel kasta oo ka mid ah JSL, Shirarka guddida waxaa Guddoominaya Guddoomiyaha Guddiga, hadii uu maqan yahayna Guddoomiye Ku-xieegka, Shirarka Guddigu waxa ay ku qabsoomayaan marka ay joogaan ugu yaraan saddex meelood laba (2/3); Guddiga Nabaddu waxa ay shirkooda ku marti qaadi karaan qofkii ay u arkaan in fikirkiisa ama xogtiisu ay muhiim u yahay shirka, laakiin qofkaasi ma yeelan doono wax cod ah. 𝗤𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗯𝗸𝗮 𝟴𝗮𝗮𝗱: 𝗚𝗼’𝗮𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗮 𝗚𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗮 Go’aamada Guddiga Nabaddu ay soo saarayaan waxa ay u go’aaminayaan si wada jir ah. Haddii ay dhacdo in xubnaha Guddigu isku aragti ka noqon waayaan arrimaha qaar, waxa ay isku dayayaan inay ku dhammeeyaan is afgarad (consensus), haddiise taasi dhici waydo waxa ay u qaadayaan cod. Go’aamada Guddidu waxa ay ku ansaxayaan aqlabiyadda xubnaha shirka fadhiya (hal dheeri); Xoghayaha guddiga ayaa u xilsaaran qaadidda hadal-qoraalka shirarka Guddida (minutes); 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐋𝐞𝐡 ________________________________________ 𝐂𝐚𝐛𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐱𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐛𝐝𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐚𝐡𝐢 (𝐂𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐨) 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐱𝐰𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐡𝐚 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐡𝐮𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 Qaran News

Mas’uuliyiin ka tirsan Puntland iyo Galmudug oo maanta Shir wadajir ah ku yeeshay magaalada Gaalkacyo ee Xarunta Gobolka Mudug ayaa soo saaray go’aanno ku saabsan xakamaynta colaad beeleedda ka aloosan galbeedka gobolka Mudug. Warsaxaafadeed Wadajir ah, oo ay soo saareen mas’uuliyiinta Puntland iyo Galmudug ayay ku go’aamiyeen qodoba ku saabsan xakamaynta colaadda labada beeleed ee ka taagan degaannada galbeedka gobolka Mudug, si looga hortago in aysan isku dhacyo danbe ka imaan labada dhinac. Warsaxaafadeedka oo ka kooban 7 qodob ayaa lagu go’aamiyay in mileeshiyaadka labada Beelood ee dagaallamay la kala fogeeyo, islamarkaana la kala geeyo goobihii hore loogu asteeyey ee (Bandiiradley iyo Galdogob), sidoo kalena dib loo hawlgeliyo ciidamadii nabadgelyada ee labada dowladood, kuwaasi oo u xilsaaran hubinta nabadda aagga ka caagan maleeshiyo beeleedka oo ah inta u dhexeysa Galdogob iyo Bandiiradley. Warsaxaafadeedka Puntland iyo Galmudug ayaa sidoo kale lagu go’aamiyay in guddiga farsamadu ay dedejiyaan qabashada guddiga xeerbeegtida iyo culimada ee ka garnaqa khilaafka labada beelood siwaafaqsan heshiiskii labada beelood ee 02/10/2024, iyadoo oo lala tashanaya odayaasha dhaqanka labada dhinac. Puntlamd iyo Galmudug waxay sidoo kale isla garteen in guddi gaar ah loo saaro falkii weerarka ahaa ee 18/01/2025 maleeshiyada ka soo jeedda Galdogob ka fuliyeen magaalada Gaalkacyo si go’aan ku habboon looga gaaro muddo 48 saac gudahood ah, sidoo kalena la tixgeliyo lana ilaaliyo dhammaan go’aamadii iyo heshiisyadii hore looga gaaray khilaafka labada beelood ee Leelkase iyo sacad lana fuliyo wixii hore loogu heshiiyey. Halkaan ka akhriso go’aannada Shirka PUNTLAND POST The post Puntland iyo Galmudug oo go’aanno wadajir ah ka soo saaray xakamaynta colaadda galbeedka Mudug appeared first on Puntland Post.

Allaha u naxariistee waxaa goor dhow geeriyooday Abwaan Cabdulle Geeda-naar oo kamid ahaa Suugaanyahannada waaweyn ee soomaalida, gaar ahaan Laashinnada. Abwaanka oo la sheegay inuu maalmihii la soo dhaafay ku xanuunsanayay deegaanka Cali guduud ee gobolka shabeellada dhexe ayaa goordhow geeridiisa la xaqiijiyay sida laga soo xigtay eheladiisa. Abwaanka ayaa tirin jiray suugaan guubaabo ah oo dhinaca nabadda iyo wacyi-gelinta u badan, waxaana si gaar ah loogu yaqaanay shiribka iyo guurowga oo uu aad ugu xeeldheeraa. Guyrowga ugu caansan suugaantiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid uu gabar kula hadlayay, kaas oo uu ka billaabay “ Maraan inya aroos maagayaan inan u sheekeeyay Waxaan sii ag joogiyo waxay ii ilka caddayso Waxaan iri adaa lagu rabaa laguna laminaye Waxay tiri igaar maa i raba waa’se ina aayo ? Waxaan iri ogaalkeed lahow waaba anigaane Waxay tiri adduun ii dhinnaa oonan arag waaye Waxaan iri ma way kula ahayn inaan aroosaayo ? Waxay tiri igaar kaa qurxoon aaba la illaaway” Allaha u naxariistee Abwaanka oo beri-samaadkii ku noollaan jiray magaalada Muqdisho ayaa wixii ka dambeeyay burburkii ku noolaa miyiga gobolka shabeellada dhexe, ugu dambeyna maanta ayuu geeriyooday. Source: goobjoog.com

Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga, Mudane Danjire Axmed Macallin Fiqi Axmed, ayaa maanta kula kulmay Magaalada New York, Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda, Jaaliyadaha Qaran ee Dibadda iyo Arrimaha Afrika ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiga Shacbiga Aljeeriya, Ahmed Attaf, isaga oo kala hadlay xoojinta xiriirka labo geesoodka iyo ballaarinta dhinacyada iskaashiga ee nacfi wadaagga leh. Intii kulanka lagu guda-jiray, Mudane Ahmed Attaf, waxa uu ugu hambalyeeyay Soomaaliya u bilaabashada muddo xileedkeeda labada sano ee xubinta aan joogtada ahayn ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobey, isaga oo ku bogaadiyay ku biiriddeeda A3+ ee Golaha Ammaanka, waxa uu sidoo kale ku ammaanay sii kordhiddeeda kaalinteeda xooggan ee diblomaasiyadda caalamiga. Kulanka ayaa la iskula soo qaaday dhowr qodob oo ujeedkoodu yahay ballaarinta iskaashi dhinacyo badan leh oo si wacan uga tarjumaya dano wadaagga labada dal iyo adkaynta muhiimadda ay leedahay iskuduwidda mowqifyada fagaarayaasha caalamiga si kor loogu qaado wax wadaagga heer caalami. Source: goobjoog.com

Salaad Naxar Xirsi Dowladda Puntland ayaa maanta oo Talaado ah soo bandhigtay Xubin lagu magacaabo Salaad Naxar Xirsi, oo ay sheegtay in uu isu soo dhiibay dowladda, kaddib markii uu ka soo baxay kooxaha Argagixisada ah ee Daacish. Mas’uuliyiin ka tirsan Puntland oo Warbaahinta u soo bandhigay Xubinta la sheegay in uu isu soo dhiibay dowladda ayaa sheegay in Salaad Naxar Xirsi uu ka faa’idaystay Hadalkii Madaxweyne Siciid Deni, ee ahaa in dhammaan xubnaha ka soo baxa kooxaha Daacish, ee aan dagaalka lagu qaban ay heli doonaan cafis dowladeed. Sidoo kale, Shakhsiga la sheegay in uu dowladda isu soo dhiibay ee Salaad Naxar ayaa tilmaamay in uu yahay nin mudda dhawr sano ah la tuhunsanaa, balse ma caddayn in uu ka tirsanaa kooxaha Argagixisada ah ee Daacish iyo in kale, waxaase uu xusay in uu ka dhiidhiyay ajaanibta Argagixisada ah ee ku soo duushay degaannada Puntland. Halkan ka daawo Muuqaalka PUNTLAND POST The post Dowladda Puntland oo soo bandhigtay nin la sheegay in uu Daacish ka soo baxay appeared first on Puntland Post.

Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland oo kormeeray taliska ciidanka laanta socdaalka Hargeys,(Qaran news)-Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdilaahi (Cirro), ayaa maanta kormeer shaqo kusoo maray taliska ciidanka laanta Socdaalka ee gudaha caasimadda Hargeysa. Ugu horrayn, taliyaha ciidanka laanta socdaan sarreeye guuto Maxamed Xuseen Faarax (Xiirane) iyo saraakiil kale oo tirsan ciidanka, ayaa madaxweynaha halkaas kusoo dhaweeyey, waxana uu salaam sharaf ka qaatay cutubyo katirsan ciidanka laanta socdaalka, isaga oo kormeeray dhismaha iyo goobaha shaqada ee talisku ka kooban yahay. Madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Cirro waxa uu sharraxay shaqooyinka muhiimka ah ee ay ciidanka laanta socdaalku qaranka u hayaan iyo masuuliyadda culus ee saaran, waxana uu yidhi “Waxa aad ka mas’uul ka tihiin la socoshada dhaqdhaqaaqyada xuduudaha dalka. Waxa aad ka masuul tihiin soo saarista, hubinta iyo laalista dal-ku-galka, Baasaboorrada iyo dhukumantiyada socdaalka la xidhiidhka. Shaqooyinka kale ee aan looga maarmayn laanta socdaalka waxaa ka mid ah, ilaalinta ammaanka xuduudaha iyo ka hortagga isu-socodka sharci-darrada ah, iyo ilaalinta xogta muwaadiniinta ee kaydkeeda ku jirta.” Madaxweynuhu waxa uu ka marag kacay haykalka ciidannimo iyo firfircoonidda ka muuuqata ciidanka laanta socdaalka iyo dareenka ay ka madaxweyne ahaan taasi ku beertay, “Aragtidii koowaadba wejiyadiinnu waxa ay igu beereen dareen firfircooni ah, niyadwanaag, iyo ruux dhalinyaronimo. Waxaa ka muuqda da’ yaraan, xirfad, aqoon sarreysa, iyo karti aad ku gudan kartaan shaqada Qaranka.” Ayuu yidhi madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Cirro. Ugu dambayntii, madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdilaahi Cirro waxa uu bogaadiyey shaqada ay ciidanka laanta socdaalku u hayaan bulshadooda iyo dedaalka waddaniyadeed ee ay wadaan, waxana kormeerkiisa ku wehelinayey wasiirrada wasaaradaha arrimaha gudaha, gaashaandhigga, maayarka caasimadda, badhasabaabka gobolka Maroodi-jeex iyo qaar kamid ah taliyeyaasha ciidamada dalka Qaran News

Mogadishu (HOL) — The Union for Peace and Development (UPD) party, led by Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, has expressed support for the newly announced registration process for political organizations despite opposition from leaders in Puntland and Jubbaland states. Source: Hiiraan Online

Mogadishu (HOL) — Somalia's National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) has warned businesses, brokers, and drivers against paying extortion money to Al-Shabaab, threatening legal action against those involved in financing the militant group. Source: Hiiraan Online

https://qarannews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/AQNSanUzFqF_mHIkCV6qXhE5_nM1iZZxTuJX990HLeGUh5dgguuuP_23jU7UT0KWRF6c6WKysMaqFOguJw3KlVdN.mp4 Qaran News

Puntland Defence Forces captured many ISIS hideouts in Calmiskaad. Boosaaso (PP Editorial) — As counterterrorism operations against the terrorist group identifying itself as the Islamic State in Somalia (ISIS) in the Calmiskaad mountains continue, the Defence Forces of Puntland State of Somalia have observed a marked difference between ISIS and Al-Shabaab. ISIS not only recruits a large number of foreigners in an attempt to replicate the actions of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the slain “Emir” of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, but it has also mined large swathes of land it once controlled. Mindful of its disadvantages, ISIS has resorted to planting anti-personnel mines in civilian areas. ISIS leaders view this strategy as an effective method to delay advancing troops. Anti-mine squads in Puntland have defused many land mines; however, the risk of troops being blown up remains high. Last week in Boosaaso, the Puntland State Council of Ministers issued a statement calling on the international community to assist Puntland State in its war against transnational terrorists. Since the counterterrorism operations began nearly three weeks ago, ISIS terrorists have fled their hideouts. They are now cut off from districts and unable to flee to the sea. In their retreat, they abandoned food supplies, ID cards, laptops and registers used to record extortion money from businesses. A counterterrorism security expert suggested that the number of foreign terrorists in ISIS outnumbers the Somali recruits the group has enlisted. Most of the foreigners and Somali recruits of ISIS passed through areas controlled by the Somaliland administration, as stated by Mustafe Ba’alul, the former chief of the Somaliland intelligence agency, during the handover of responsibilities to a new director. Documents seized by Puntland State Defence Forces indicate that some fighters had Ethiopian visas in their passports. The new security measure to check the residence status of foreigners in Puntland State is a timely step in the right direction. © Puntland Post, 2025 The post Puntland Urges Global Support in the Fight Against Transnational Terrorism appeared first on Puntland Post.

A joint communiqué issued by Puntland State and the Somali Regional State (DDS) stated that the meeting had focused on strengthening security collaboration between the neighbouring regions of Mudug and Doollo. Galkayo (PP News Desk) — Officials from Puntland State of Somalia and the Somali Region of Ethiopia (DDS) held a meeting earlier this week in Warder, the administrative capital of the Doollo region, and signed an agreement on security and economic cooperation. A joint communiqué issued by Puntland State and the Somali Regional State (DDS) stated that the meeting had focused on strengthening security collaboration between the neighbouring regions of Mudug and Doollo, which share an inter-state border. Discussions included cooperation in the apprehension of criminals, thieves and smugglers, as well as the rendition of offenders and the recovery of vehicles involved in criminal activities or drug trafficking. The communique in Somali language. “The meeting addressed enhancing security and trade between the two regions. It comes at a time when the Puntland government has abolished vehicle taxes on goods transported from Ethiopia. The aim is to boost trade relations between the regions and reinforce the fight against terrorism, smuggling, human trafficking and other crimes that threaten both regions,” the communiqué stated. Ethiopia has provided training to contingents of anti-terrorism forces from Puntland State of Somalia. © Puntland Post, 2025 The post Puntland State and Somali Region of Ethiopia Sign Security and Trade Pact appeared first on Puntland Post.

INTRODUCTION IN PUBLIC FINANCE What is Public Finance As a young graduate from Somalia’s prestigious Institute of Accountancy, Public Finance, and Management, SIDAM Institute, I was always fascinated with financial figures and reports, whether from the private sector or the government. Understanding budgets and financial forecasts is essential for business planning, budgeting, business operations, and proper funding. They simply help leaders and outside stakeholders make better choices. As I grew older and became a qualified instructor at local universities, I noticed that many students were still fascinated by the subject of public finance. However, by the time they start the course, they often feel confused about which academic discipline it belongs to. Reactions can vary widely, as they depend on students’ backgrounds, experiences in public life, and personal expectations. Some students are eager to learn about how government policies impact the economy and society at large. They are thrilled to learn, for the first time, what tax systems, public expenditures, and economic efficiency truly entail. Many students found the topic challenging due to its technical nature, which involves economics, finance, and policy analysis. Some felt overwhelmed by the complexity of the concepts and the mathematical models presented. As a junior student at SIDAM Institute, I was fascinated by how the public finance course could lead to a better understanding of real-world applications, particularly regarding government budgets and public projects. My expectations were further broadened as I was exposed to policy debates, social welfare programs, and government interventions in the market economy. Those of us already working in the public sector were motivated by the positive impact that public finance courses can have on society through effective policy analysis and financial management. Based on that background, it is imperative to start with the broad definition of public finance as a branch of economics that deals with the financial activities of the state or government at national, state, and local levels. It covers a wide spectrum of areas such as income and expenditure, government spending theories and practices, and ways to raise government. The term “public finance” is derived from the words “public” and “finance.” “Public” refers to the government or state, while “finance” refers to money resources, including income and expenditures. Therefore, public finance involves the systematic study of how public authorities generate revenue and manage expenses. This field is a branch of economics and focuses on the income and expenditures of all levels of government. It also examines how governments acquire and allocate financial and real resources in a market economy. The Scope of Public Finance Public income refers to money earned by the government, primarily through the taxation system. Public expenditure, on the other hand, is money spent by government entities on infrastructure, defence, social services, and other areas. When public expenditure exceeds public income, the government borrows money from the public, other countries, or world organizations like the World Bank. This borrowed money is known as public debt. Financial administration in public finance involves managing public income, expenditure, and debt. The function of Public Finance Public finance is essential for managing a nation’s economy and ensuring the well-being of its citizens. Here are some key functions of public finance: The allocation function in the economy deals with how private goods are exclusive to those who pay for them (e.g., a car). In contrast, public goods are nonexclusive and benefit everyone, regardless of payment (e.g., roads). Public finance’s distribution function aims to reduce income and wealth disparities within a country through measures such as progressive taxation, affordable housing, and healthcare. The stabilisation function of public finance aims to mitigate the economic instability caused by booms and depressions. This involves strategies such as running a budget deficit during a depression and a budget surplus during a boom to achieve economic stability. Functions of Public Institutions Public institutions play a crucial role in the society and maintaining order. Governments carry out specific functions that can be categorized into two main areas: Obligatory functions: These include protecting the country from external aggression and internal disturbances and maintaining peace and security. Optional functions: These are the functions that a country can survive without. The government requires funding from the public to carry out all these functions effectively. Public Finance vs Private Finance Public finance is the study of managing money, including income, expenses, borrowing, and financial administration for private individuals or institutions. Private finance can be categorized into two groups: personal finance and business finance. Personal finance involves optimizing finances for individuals, such as people, families, and single consumers. On the other hand, business finance involves optimizing finances for organizations. Similarities between Private Finance & Public Finance Public finance and private, while distinct in their objectives and scope, share many similarities including the following: Maximizing Advantage – to attain the maximum benefit from expenditures. Income Precedence – In personal finance, income should come before spending. In public finance, revenue must be generated before expenses can be covered. Resource Scarcity – Both individuals and the state must allocate their limited resources to meet various needs. Borrowing – When expenses exceed revenue, both individuals and the state may need to borrow money. Balancing Income and Expenditure – Both public and private entities need to balance their income and expenses. Dissimilarities between Private Finance & Public Finance Despite the aforementioned similarities, the key difference lies in their primary objectives. Public finance aims to maximize social welfare and economic stability while private finance focuses on maximizing individual and corporate wealth and profitability. The differences can be summarized briefly as follows:: Determining Expenditure: Governments first determine the amount of money they need to spend on different areas in order to fulfill their obligations. They then try to find the resources to meet this expenditure. On the other hand, individuals first consider their income and then determine how much they can spend. Credit Status: Private individuals have limited credit and can only borrow a limited amount of money from limited sources within the economy. Governments, on the other hand, enjoy a high degree of credit in the market and can borrow large amounts from both their citizens and foreign sources. Right to Print Currency: Governments have the authority to print legal tender notes to cover budget deficits, which are not available to private individuals. Nature of Budget: Surplus budgets are favourable for private individuals as they spend less than their income and can save. However, governments generally prefer deficit budgets as they spend more than their income. Coercive Methods: Governments can use coercive methods to collect revenue, and citizens cannot refuse to pay taxes if they are liable. Private individuals cannot use force to earn income and must do so through their own efforts. Secrecy of the Budget: Individual budgets are private and shrouded in mystery, while government budgets are publicly presented, discussed, and subject to criticism in a democratic country. Compulsory Character: Public authorities cannot avoid or postpone certain expenditures, while private finances are voluntary and individuals can plan to postpone their expenditures. Pattern of Expenditure: Government public expenditure is governed by deliberate economic policy and considers the country’s economic, social, and political requirements. Private finance is profit-oriented and influenced by personal needs, habits, fashion, and status. Time and Objectives: Public finance allocates resources to projects that yield future returns, with the objective of securing maximum social advantage. Private finance has short-term considerations and aims to fulfill private interests. Effect on Economy: Public expenditure has a tremendous effect on the economy due to its large scale, while private expenditure has only a marginal effect. Objectives of Public Finance Public Finance has key several objectives that aim to ensure the well-being and economic stability of a country. To define such objectives, one must remember the main points which include securing adjustments in the allocation of resources, reducing economic inequalities, maintaining economic stability, achieving full employment, accelerating economic development, securing distributive justice, achieving maximum utilization of resources, and increasing the rate of capital formation by raising the rate of saving and investment. By focusing on these objectives, public finance seeks to foster a more equitable and prosperous society. Components of Public Finance In the real world, public finance encompasses various components that are essential in managing a country’s economy and fiscal policies. Thus, public finance involves the management of government income from all sources, government spending, public budget analysis, allocation of state finances, government loans from both domestic and foreign sources, and the use of government revenue and expenditure to promote economic stability, growth, full employment, and efficient resource utilization. These components work together to ensure effective management of the country’s finances, economic stability and growth. Role of Public Finance Public finance plays a crucial role in shaping a country’s economic and social landscape. It increases the rate of capital formation, boosts economic growth, achieves optimal resource utilization, attains full employment, decreases economic inequalities, and counteracts inflation. In summary, public finance is essential for maintaining a balanced, stable, and prosperous economy, ensuring the well-being of all citizens, and promoting social equity. Sources of Public Revenues Public revenue refers to the income of the government from all sources, which are essential for funding government operations and public services. In a narrow sense, it includes only those sources of income described as revenue resources (tax, fees, fines), or in a wider sense, it encompasses all income and receipts (including loans raised to be repaid). The sources by which the government earns income are classified into: Tax Revenue Non-Tax Revenue Administrative Revenues Commercial Revenues Other Revenues These diverse sources of public revenue help governments fund their activities and provide essential services to the citizens. Tax revenue is the income obtained by the government through taxation. Taxes are mandatory contributions imposed by the state to cover expenses in the “common interest of all citizens”. Tax revenue can be categorized into two types: Direct Taxes and Indirect Taxes. Direct Taxes are taxes that the payer bears the burden of and cannot shift to any other person (such as income tax, wealth tax, and gift tax). Indirect Taxes, on the other hand, are taxes that the payer can shift to others. For example, if a sales tax or VAT is imposed on clothes, the producer or dealer who pays it passes it on to the next taxpayer. Somalia/Puntland State Direct/Indirect Taxes (Inland Revenue Department) The Inland Revenue Department has two main sections: direct tax and indirect tax. Direct taxes include property tax, employee tax, and business income tax. Indirect taxes include sales tax, stamp tax, road tax, registration tax, production and excise tax, and other indirect taxes. Source: Puntland PFM Education and Training: DRM Workbook 2 Tax Revenues Let’s consider an example based on a GST rate of 5%. A shopkeeper purchased a television from a manufacturer and paid Sh12,600, which includes GST (Sh12,000 plus GST @5% Sh 600) to the manufacturer. The shopkeeper then sold the television set for Sh15,000. When selling, the shopkeeper added 5% of Sh15,000 (Sh750), so the total price to the customer, including GST, was Sh15,750 (sale price *1.05). Out of the Sh15,750 paid by the end user, the shopkeeper kept Sh15,000 and paid Sh750 (Net of the GST paid*) to the IRD. The shopkeeper will claim back the GST he paid on the television (Sh600), so the net GST he will pay over is Sh750—Sh600 = Sh150. Then, the consumer who bought the TV hired an electrician to install it. The electrician charged Sh400 for the service and added 5% GST (Sh20), bringing the total charge to Sh420. Since the electrician had paid no GST to anyone, there was nothing to deduct, and he paid the full Sh20 to the IRD. Non-Tax Revenues Non-tax revenue refers to public income raised by the government from sources other than taxes in the economy. Administrative revenues include fees (payments charged to cover the administrative cost of services), special assessments (compulsory contributions based on the special benefits derived from the cost of special improvements or increases in property values due to the construction of roads), fines and penalties (punishments imposed for the infringement of the law), and forfeitures (penalties imposed by courts for failing to appear). Non-Tax Revenues Commercial revenues refer to the income earned by public sector enterprises through selling goods or services to citizens. This includes commercial and industrial enterprises such as utilities, railways, post services, transport, and other public sector industries. Other revenues include gifts, grants, and donations from organizations like the IMF, citizens, and foreign governments. Additionally, government properties such as public land, buildings, mines, forests, and fisheries contribute to government revenue. Public borrowings, both internally and externally from organizations like the IMF, World Bank, and African Development Bank, are also sources of revenue. Tributes and indemnities received from foreign countries as a result of war or aggression, as well as the recovery of loans from debtors, also contribute to government revenue. Finally, miscellaneous sources such as revenue from auctioning confiscated items are also considered in government revenue. Public Expenditure Public authorities, including central, state, and local governments, incur expenditures to protect citizens and promote their economic and social well-being. Public expenditures are divided into two main categories: revenue expenditures and capital expenditures. Public expenditures and revenues are intrinsically linked as they play crucial roles in a government’s fiscal management. Revenue expenditures include government spending on day-to-day administration, civil expenditures, economic or public debt services, defence expenditures, grant aid to other governments, and miscellaneous expenditures. On the other hand, capital expenditure involves spending on creating permanent revenue-yielding assets, such as developmental and non-developmental expenditures, repayment of public debts, and loans/advances to other governments. In the real world, governments strive to balance public expenditures with public revenues to maintain fiscal stability. A balanced budget is achieved when total revenues equal total expenditures. When public spending exceeds public revenues, a budget deficit arises, which often necessitates government borrowing, leading to public debt. Conversely, when public revenues surpass public expenditures, a budget surplus occurs. This surplus can be used to pay down existing debts, save for future needs, or invest in public projects. In summary, balancing public revenues and expenditures is crucial for achieving fiscal sustainability, economic stability, and social welfare. Brief Discussion of FGS & Puntland Budgets for 2023 As attached in Appendix I, the budget for the Federal Government of Somalia for the period from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, is projected to be US$950,661,544. This total includes government revenues and other funds, such as grants, amounting to US$637,355,405, which represents 67% of the total budgeted income. The primary source of revenue, aside from grants, comes from taxation, totalling US$189.9 million. However, the total domestic revenue is estimated to increase from $229.6 million in 2021 to $283.3 million in 2023, provided the proposed revenue measures are approved and successfully implemented. The total appropriated expenditure budget for both recurrent and projected expenses is US$977,216,539, netting a budget deficit of US$26,554,995.- In the fiscal year 2023, it is confirmed that the FGS is proposing to introduce touch expenditure measures such as Implementing internal audit function in all MDAs as well as implementing external audit recommendations to ensure all payments must have adequate supporting documents based on the Auditor General’s recommendations in the 2020 audit report. It is worth noting that the 2023 FGS’s budget strategy will therefore need to address the key problems the country faces regarding implementation of NDP9 priorities to be able to achieve the NDP9 goals. The budget is designed to focus on how the government can exploit the opportunities for economic growth over the medium term (2023-2026) in terms of promoting regional trade by joining the EAC to improve access to regional markets, encouraging import substitution for some products that could be locally manufactured and continued pursuit towards the transformation of public service delivery to be more efficient and effective in meeting the needs of the people. Likewise, Appendix II depicts the income budget for the Puntland State of Somalia, the largest FMS and the most resourceful, for the period from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, which is projected to be US$376,699,825. This includes government revenues and other funds, such as grants and 10 main districts in the state. Grants including those funds managed by international partners amount to US$269,330,945 representing 71% of the overall income budget. In addition to grants, the primary source of revenue comes from taxation, totalling US$97,212,528. If you add that with the ten local districts, the total internally generated revenue is US$107,368,880. The budget also appropriates 100% of the projected income for both recurrent and projected expenditures with no budget deficit which indicates an unusual phenomenon. Appendix I: FGS budget Snapshot: Income/Expenditure 2023 Source: Federal Ministry of Finance Appendix II: Puntland budget: Expenditure 2023, Source: Puntland Ministry of Finance Appendix III: List of Revenue/Tax Laws: References: Finance Fundamentals: Complete guide fundamentals of finance | Udemy Public finance – Wikipedia APPROPRIATION ACT FOR THE 2023 BUDGET | Ministry of Finance – Somalia Puntland Ministry of Finance – Puntland MoF Public Finance Notes: Introduction to Public Finance | Notes for B.Com BBA and MBA | CBCS and Non CBCS Pattern Public Finance: Importance, Scope, Functions, Difference Public Finance – What Is It, Scope, Management, Objectives, Types Functions of public finance – CEOpedia | Management online Difference Between Public Finance And Private Finance(With Table) – Differencify Role of Public Finance In Economic Development – DataFlair Public Finance Definition & Examples – Quickonomics Tax Revenue: What It Is, How It Works, Types What is Non-Tax Revenue – Sources and Components Top 9 Differences Between Capital Expenditure and Revenue Expenditure Puntland PFM Education and Training: DRM Workbook 2 Budget strategy for fy2023 V3 PDF.pdf Mobilization-of-tax-revenues_20181017.pdf The post Introduction to Public Finance in Post-Conflict Somalia appeared first on Puntland Post.

CLICK HERE TO READ MORE ABOUT THIS Qaran News

Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Donald Trump ayaa saxiixay amarro madaxwayne oo xiriir ah oo looga gol leeyahay in agu xakameeyo socdaalka iyo soo-galootiga. Laga soo bilaabo amar ka hortagaya qeexidda dhalashada, ilaa amar lagu sheegay socdaalka sharci darrada ah ee xuduudda xaalad degdeg ah oo qaran, Trump wuxuu kale oo si degdeg ah u qaaday tallaabooyin uu ku adkeynayo xadka Mareykanka iyo Mexico. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah amarradaas – gaar ahaan amar kasta oo ujeedadiisu tahay in la beddelo qeexida dhalashada ama in caruurta soogalootiga ee Mareykanka ku dhashay ay yihiin muwaadiniin- waxay u badan tahay inay la kulmaan mucaarado dhanka sharciga ah. Trump ayaa horay wacad ugu maray in siyaasadaha uu ugu yeerey “burburinta” ee Aqalka Cad ee Biden ay meesha ka bixi doonaan muudo “shan daqiiqo gudahood”. Saacado ka hor, kumannaan muhaajiriin ah ayaa la joojiyay ballamihii socdaalka ka dib markii maamulka cusub uu meesha ka saaray CBP One, oo ah app-ka loo isticmaalo in lagu talagalay in balamaha wareysiya ay ku qabsadaan soo-galootiga goobaha laga soo galo xadka. Saacado ka hor, kumannaan muhaajiriin ah ayaa la joojiyay ballamihii socdaalka ka dib markii maamulka cusub uu meesha ka saaray CBP One, oo ah app-ka loo isticmaalo in lagu talagalay in balamaha wareysiya ay ku qabsadaan soo-galootiga goobaha laga soo galo xadka. Khudbadiisii ​​dhaarta ka dib, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray in “dhammaan gelitaanka sharci darrada ah la joojin doono” iyo in malaayiin “shisheeye dambiilayaal ah” la tarxiili doono. Waxa uu sidoo kale saxiixay amar uu ku sheegayo kooxaha daroogada Mexico ururada argagixiso. Mar sii horeysay , Trump wuxuu si rasmi ah uga noqday ku dhawaad ​​80 amaro fulineed – oo uu ku tilmaamay “xagjir” – oo kuwaas oo horey uu ay horey u hirgaliyeen maamulkii Biden. “Ma jirto mas’uuliyad ka sareysa inaan dalkeenna ka difaacno khatarada iyo duullaanka,” ayuu Trump ku yiri khudbadiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee uu ka jeediyay Aqalka Capitol-ka Mareykanka gelinkii hore ee maanta xilliga Mareykanka. Iyada oo qayb ka ah qorshaha ballaaran, saraakiisha maamulka Trump ayaa sheegay in madaxweynaha uu ku amrayo Waaxda Difaaca inay “xakameyso xadka” oo ay u huraan agab iyo shaqaale dheeri ah, oo ay ku jiraan awoodaha ka hortagga diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn. Horaantii, saraakiisha maamulka Trump ee xukunka la wareegi doonta waxay sheegeen in tillaabooyinkaasi ay la mid yihiin abuurista “siyaasadda socdaalka oo la jaanqaadaysa dareenka guud”. In kasta oo aan faahfaahinta amarkan aan weli la ogeyn, haddana saraakiisha ayaa sheegay in Trump uu qorsheynayo inuu joojiyo xaqa dhalashada , taasoo la micno ah in carruurta muhaajiriinta aan sharciga lahayn ee ku nool Mareykanka aan si toos ah loogu aqoonsan doonin inay yihiin muwaadiniin Mareykan ah. Xaqa dhalashada , si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku caddahay dastuurka Maraykanka waxayna u baahan tahay saddex-meelood labameel aqal ee Congress-ka inay wax ka beddelaan. Sarkaalku ma bixin tafaasiil dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida uu Trump u qorsheynayo inuu arrintan ugu guuleysto. Maamulka cusubi waxa kale oo uu u dhaqaaqay in uu si degdeg ah u meesha uga saaro CBP One, oo ah arjiga mobaylka ee ay u adeegsadaan muhaajiriinta si ay u ballansadaan ballamaha wareysiyada soo-galootiga. Saraakiisha maamulka Biden waxay ku tilmaameen app-ka inuu gacan ka geystay dhimista tirada dadka lagu hayo xadka tan iyo markii ugu horreysay ee la soo bandhigo Janaayo 2023. Waxay ahayd dariiqa kaliya ee sharciga ah ee magangelyo looga codsado xudduudda US iyo Mexico. Hadda, shabakada Kastamka iyo Ilaalinta Xuduudka waxay xustay in abka “aan hadda la heli karin oo gabi ahaanba meesha laga saaray”. Isticmaalayaasha App-ka ayaa sidoo kale hadda la wxaa u soo baxaysa fariin tilmaamaysa in “ballamada jira ee loo qorsheeyay CBP One aanay hadda shaqaynayn”. Bbcsomali Qaran News

Mogadishu (HOL) - Somalia's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmed Moallim Fiqi Ahmed, commended the recent ceasefire agreement brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States. Source: Hiiraan Online

During the first six-week phase of the Gaza ceasefire agreed last week, Hamas is to release 33 hostages in total, with at least three hostages released each week. In turn, Israel will release 30 Palestinians from prison for each Israeli civilian Hamas releases, and 50 for each soldier. Source: Hiiraan Online

Mogadishu (HOL) – Former Somali President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo has criticized the ruling leadership for pursuing constitutional amendments and elections that exclude Puntland, Jubaland, and key political stakeholders, calling the actions a threat to national unity and stability. Source: Hiiraan Online

Hargeisa,(Qaran news)-Inkasta oo habaynkii xalay ahaa uu ka dhacayay magaaladda Hargeysa qabow aad u xumi hadana saaka markii uu waagu baray waxa mar qudhaata isla oogsaday qabow xad dhaaf ah iyo ceeriyaan aanad arkaynin qofka kaa horeeya. Saaka baabuurta magaaladda Hargeysa dhex maraysay waxa ay shiteen laydhadhka, inkasta oo aan ilaa hada la sheegin wax khasaare ah oo dadka soo gaadhay hadana waxa jira baabur isku dhacday oo aanay cidi waxba ku noqon. Xaraarda qabawga ayaa gaadhay saaka mid aan waligeed Hargeysa lagu sheegin tan iyo inta la xasusto Qaran News

Garowe (HOL) – At least 13 Puntland soldiers were killed and over seven others injured in a landmine explosion in the Habley area of the Bari region on Monday. Source: Hiiraan Online

Police have arrested and detained a suspect and a vehicle that was found carrying 50 bags of contraband sugar in Garissa. Source: Hiiraan Online

The war between Ethiopia's government forces and Tigrayan fighters killed hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions. Many now grapple with severe social and economic challenges despite a peace agreement. Source: Hiiraan Online

Dekedda magaalada Boosaaso ayaa xalay laga dhoofiyay xoolo tiradoodu gaarayso ilaa 20,000 oo neef, kuwaasi oo loo iib-geynayo dalalka Carabta ee Sacuudiga, Imaaraatiga iyo Cummaan. Wasiirka Xannaanada Xoolaha Puntland, Cumar Cabdisamad Yuusuf Dhuux ayaa dekedda magalaada Boosaaso kaga qayb galay munaasabadda dhoofinta xoolahan oo ka kooban Geel, Lo’o iyo Adhi, oo ay qaadayaan 4 doonyood iyo markab. Wasiirka Xannaanada Xoolaha Puntland, Cumar Cabdisamad Yuusuf oo ka warbixiyay dhoofka xoolahan ayaa sheegay in ay ka wasaarad ahaan dadaal xooggan ku bixiyeen in la soo xulo xoolo nadiif ah, caafimaad qaba, isla markaana horseedaya in suuqa xoolaha ay puntland la leedahay wadamada carabta uu sii xoogaysto. Xoolaha laga dhoofiyo dekedda Boosaaso ayaa la mariyaa hannaanka hubinta Caafimaadka Xoolaha ee waafaqsan nidaamka Caalamiga ah, taasi oo keentay in dalalka Carabtu ay kalsooni weyn ku qabaan xoolaha ka soo dhoofiyo Boosaaso, sida ay sheegtay Puntland. PUNTLAND POST The post Xoolo tiradoodu gaarayso ilaa 20,000 kun oo xalay laga dhoofiyay dekedda Boosaaso appeared first on Puntland Post.