Happy Bday Tuujiye

Today, who is a true Somali nationalist ? If there is one or two left, what shall s/he be doing? [edit] I am addressing these questions to the users of SOL only.

Haddad, I asked whether your analysis of this party was an assumption, or whether you know the party and its founders personally. It was a question not another assumption.

Haddad, these are your own assumptions, could they be?

In a democratic African country, the desired outcome will be an interpendence between political leaders and the citizens. The citizen will 'elect' and pay taxes to the governments which politicians form, but only on one condition: satisfactory performace. If that satisfaction in performance is not achieved, the citizen will not at first elect that failed political leader, but if that leader persists in power, the citizen will not pay taxes. That means the politicians will always strife to perform better in order to be elected/re-elected, and the citizen will be oblijed to elect and pay taxes . The tax pays the politicians income and maintains his stay in the office. However this process is turned upside down by aid. When the leader can get income in the form of aid, he wont find the need to 'perform' or serve the citizens well, even if the citizens fail to pay taxes. Aid replaces the democratic interdependency between the eleted and his electors. Usually if aid isn't available, the leaders are forced to make their citizens happy and enhance their local economies due leadership competition. So the whole country is benefited by such leadership competition and interaction between the leaders and their voters. It is a hard job but it works wonders. On the contrary aid cripples both the local politics and economics, because it does away with leader/citizen interaction and interdependence. Leaders are kept power by foreign aid but the citizens are left to suffer. Aid creates mysery and dependency.

My brother was imprisoned and killed in Boosaaso and his business apropriated by some corrupt officials. OLOL, sorry about your brother, my sympathy is with you. Sxb it is understandable to hold personal enmnities. But such personal feelings shouldn't stop you thinking about that which is good or is detrimental to the Somali nation as it were. OLOL, from your above post I realise that you are predicting a catastrophic war that is justified on the basis of 'some' warlords or 'leaders' being stooges of Ethiopia. Sxb, in the murky scene of Somali politics, everyone is a stooge, even those who carry religeous veil. So it is insufficient to call some stooges while portraying others as being saints. Doing so only makes one seem biased from the outset. C/Y, similar to others in Somali politics, can't do without external support. To believe he can is to delude ourselves from the facts. However, what we should always have in mind should be the needs of the Somali mass. It is because of our needs that C/Y was elected a 'president' by warlords and on his shoulders rest national responsibilies which vital for the peaceful resolution of the war, and the rehabilitation of the war-stricken Somali nation. Now, how can that be achieved? That can only be achieved through his government's efforts coupled with the collective consent of the Somali mass, which is already there. But what if such is glossed over with fake nationalism by certain factions? Which is the priority: peace or nationalism without peace? How can there be nationalism (that fights external enemies) when there is no internal peace to begin with? When the child continues to die of malnutrition and civilians die as a consequence of daily fightings? Objections to government in the name of nationalism in today's Somalia is surely a classic oxymoron. Similar to those whose claim to be nationalists, I know there is there is a paradox in both C/Y and the warlords' appeals, but C/Y's paradox seems to be the acceptable one. If anyone is a true nationalist then he/she must allow the reinstatement social and government stractures. Only when such reinstatement takes, are we in a position to appeal for nationalism. To appeal for nationalism today is to put the cart before the horse. It doesn't work that way. So please let us compromise here, because the more we squable about these things the more we weaker we get. What is at stake here is Somaliness as we know it and it needs salvaging. Let us put in place the insfrustracture for salvation, and only then think of external enemies.

^^^ Eritrea can't afford to stay away from Somali politics as long as Ethiopia is playing a crucial part. A clear view of the pattern of Eritrea's likely involvement in Somalia, can be easily observed by looking at the chess game that is played over the strategic ports which Ethiopia has (or wants to have an) influence upon, and other ports which Eritrea may supporting. Kismaayo's port is now controlled by anti-Ethiopia forces (ie. troops that hail from regions that had border conflicts with Ethiopia; Gedo or other regions). The port of Kismaayo being controlled by the said forces, may (or may not) be used to import arms for those who are against Ethiopia; ONLF and others (including the oromo), who fight within Ethiopia and at its borders. Eritrea wishes to find a place that it can route the arms or help they wish to provide to those fighting Ethiopia, because, as is the case already, Sudan and Ethiopia are doing the same to Eritrea. These two countries (Sudan and Ethiopia) are concerned and are united against Eritrea's erratic attacks on their territories. This is a concern even Yemen shares with them. Marka port is also controlled by another anti-Ethiopia force (Indhacade), who was affraid of Baidhabo falling into the hands of pro-Ethio forces, where now a section of Baidhabo functions (not sure) recieves/d support from Eritrea. Now if you look at the twists and turns of Somali warlords and their politics, you would be able to see a developing pattern in their decision-making, which seem policy-relevant(that is the policies of Ethiopia and Eritrea). Both Ethiopia and Eritrea give out funds for specific projects that are to be implimented within Somalia, nothing else works. If any warlord wishes to apply for such support from these countries, he may have a project proposal to deliver to these two countries. PS: Keeping in mind the recent port agreement on Ethiopia's usage of Berbera port, the same involvement is applicable, also to Boosaaso. Eritrea has gone insofar as claiming that Ethiopia will using Berbera port to import nerve gas which will be used against Eritrea. PPS: I am not againt or supportive of any function in Somali politics, I only happen to be an observer than a participating individual. -------------- Maxmed Dheere oo warsaxaafeed uu ka soo saarey Jawhar ku dhaliiley Madaxweynaha Ereteria Jawhar-27.June.2005 Guddoomiyaha gobolka Sheellada Dhexe Maxamed Cumar Xabeeb (Maxamed Dheere)ayaa warsaxaafadeed uu maanta ka soo saarey magaalada Jawhar wuxuu si kulul ugu dhaliiley Madaxweynaha wadanka Ereteria Asiyas Afawarke oo uu sheegay in ciidamo Oromo uu soo dirayo dalka Soomaaliya. Maxamed Dheere wuxuu ku sheegay warsaxaafadeedkiisa in ciidamo Oromo ay ka soo degaan garoonka diyaaradaha ee Bali-doogle ee gobolka Shabeelaha Hoose, kuwaasi oo uu sheegay inay doonayaan inay halkaas kaga duulaan Wadanka Itoobiya waa sida hadalka uu u dhigay’e. Sidoo kale wuxuu warsaxaafadeedkiisa ku sheegay in garoonkaas ay hub kala soo degaan kooxaha ka soo horjeeda DFKMG ah ee Soomaaliya, Wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo qaatey Maxamed Qanyare iyo Muuse Suudi. Maxamed Dheere oo dhawaan loo magacaabey lataliyaha xaga amaanka ee madaxweynaha DFKMKG ah, wuxuu hanjabaad ku baxshey in hadii aan la joojin ciidamada Oramada ah oo uu sheegay in laga soo dajinayo garoonka diyaaradaha Bali-doogle uu talaabo cad ka qaadi doono hawsha ka socota garoonkaas, waxaana intaasi uu ku darey in qoraal ka hadlaya arintaas oo cadeyn ah uu u gudbiyey wadamada Urur Goboleedka IGAD iyo Qaramada Midoobey. Sidoo kale Maxamed Dheere wuxuu si kulul ugu weerarey warsaxaafadeedkiisa qaar ka mid ah Ganacsatada Magaalada Muqdisho oo uu sheegay in ay wadaan abaabul ciidamo iyo hub urursi ku aadan sidii ay uga horimaan lahaayeen DFKMG ah e Soomaaliya. Axmed Xasan Mahad SBC Jawhar. ...

Wind.talker, sxb ma indhahaad istireysaa, MISE wax kalaa muuqqaalka kaa qaadey?

Who knows, maybe we will be doing the invading and conquering . I am sure every Muslim country is expecting others to start the struggle...unless that psychology changes, the chances are narrow. 'How can we' and 'how can it be done' is best replaced with 'what can i do to make it happen' .

Originally by Suldaanka: Somaliland needs a battlehardened leadership for a successful less blood, solution to the problem. That however needs for us to topple this incompetent leadership, which is helping to divide Somaliland more then it is uniting. I am becoming sick of Dahir Rayaale these days. He is been a failure. But that doesn't mean Somaliland still can not kick *** if war broke out there. We have an army which is more then capable of dealing a heavy blow to anything that comes on its way. Originally by Sky: The other side is no joke sxb, Puntland forces and independant militias will strike hard when attacked. Like I said its virtually impossible for Somaliland to stay on its feet then. Juma, you only chose to see Sky's remark and not Suldaanka . I think your: Dhuuso weyna..? Awal aya horey lo yiiri 'fuley wax ka dhar iyo xanjabad badan maleh'...! ..should apply to both nomads, not only Sky. It is only fair to do so. They are both hinting at war.

^^^ I will agree with you that Kenya seemed like an honest broker of Somalia's peace, but only to a certain extent. 'Honesty' being the operative word here, I believe Kenya's honesty did not come on its own, and that it had been largely encouraged by Ethiopia. What we must remember is that from Somalia's independence to the days of Ethio-Somali war, Ethiopia and Kenya had several times signed military and political accords, which were aimed at Somalia. That said, these accords and the role that they've played in Kenya's initiative to host the peace process shouldn't be under-estimated. Ethiopia and Sudan also played a great role in facilitating the meeting, and of course these two countries could have their own geopolitical interests. However, I'd like to believe that Kenya was the fool in the game and that Museveni of Uganda was the closest to being the honest peace broker. These sorts of meetings are geopolitically charged and each meeting has significance importance for either frontline states of Ethiopia and Kenya or other states such as Egypt, Eritrea and Sudan. I’d like to concentrate on Ethiopia's interests in Somalia and give support to Caaqil's reasoning. My take on this is that geopolitical conflicts between Ethiopia and her adversaries have become reflected into internal Somali politics. Egypt and Eritrea are also involved in Somali Politics. Looking at the tension within Somalia/Somaliland reveals a somewhat familiar pattern of allegiance. To show what I mean, let me begin with the so-called Somali leaders. Because of Ethiopian pressures, C/yusuf, our supposed president, has already made clear that he has altogether abandoned the 'Greater Somalia' concept. This isn't surprising as C/Yusuf is himself a product of Ethiopia while in rebellion against Said Bare (AUN). C/Yusuf was quoted several times dismissing the old idea and saying (to paraphrase it): Somalis and Ethiopians are brothers'. Moreover, and briefly state it, the Puntland state, which he was the founder, is the closest friend of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has strategic interest in puntland and visa versa. I shall not go deeper into this, because I am hoping you already know of this connection. On the other hand, Somaliland is similarly in good terms with Ethiopia. I shouldn't use 'good terms' to describe the relationship between Somaliland and Ethiopia, since Ethiopia has for the last few years refused to recognize Somaliland as an independent state. This refusal is however strategic. While Ethiopia allows Somaliland representatives to officially visit her country or even sign agreements, Ethiopia is wickedly refusing to go that extra mile of recognizing Hargeysa. Why? Because, as far the strategic game of Ethiopia is concerned, both Somaliland and Puntland are baits. Baits against the possibility of re-instatement of central Somali government that doesn't suck up to Ethiopia. If Somalia gains anti-Ethiopia government, this will mean that such a government will end the links between Puntland regions and Ethiopia. Currently, both Puntland and Somaliland are clients of Ethiopia, and the tensions over Sool and Sanaag regions will not escalate – at least Ethiopia won’t allow that to happen. If tension turns to war, it means Ethiopia has to finance both sides, and that creates a sort of ‘Berlin Question’. Furthermore, if it uses Somaliland and Puntland against themselves, strategically Ethiopia stands at a loss. It is bound to lose its bargaining chips, and by the time a central Somali government is installed, it would have exhausted its energy and support. That should be avoided and the war should remain a ‘cold’ war. The real victims of those who are supported by Ethiopia are those who live in Sool and Sanaag region. They will not engage in a war or get lasting peace. At the moment, there is also another reason why Ethiopia will not recognize Somaliland. Let me explain this a bit further. Ethiopia faces some resistance within the Ogden region and therefore makes absolutely sure that the freedom fighters are cut off from outside help - from example Eritrea. Logistically thinking, in order to receive external help, the freedom fighters have only two passages through which aid could be channeled. The first passage is the port of their brethren of Boosaaso, Puntland. But the problem is, their brethren's very state came to exist, more or less, through Ethiopia's support! To the freedom fighters, this unfortunate fact hinders their chances of getting support of their brethrens. Therefore such support is out of the question!! Very Sad. The second passage should've come from their Hargeysa brethrens, because Hargeysa is seeking succession from Somalia which puntland is still part. The freedom fighters therefore believe they share a cause with Somaliland! Both are seeking succession! Soon enough, the families and some relatives of the freedom fighters feel save in thought to locate to Hargeysa. Unfortunately this was a miscalculated move, and a deadly one too. They walked into a trap. A trap that comes with a shocking realization when Ethiopia makes promises to Hargeysa (in the form of recognition and economic agreement), in exchange for the few freedom seekers located in Hargeysa. An exchange that took place two times successfully and had seen the extradition of freedom fighters to Ethiopia . This means the second passed falls into the same category as the first. While c/yusuf regards as the ‘brother’, similarly Riyaale says: "It's good. We have no better friend than Ethiopia; they always treat us as brothers, as young brothers. They help us better than any other country in the area" (Source). This proves that these leaders have done the unexpected and surrendered themselves to the all time enemy. The politics of south also has similar allegiance with Ethiopia or its enemy Eritrea. In Mogadishu, there are those who are backed by Ethiopia, and there are those who use Somali Nationalism as a vehicle to further their own greed. All over sudden those who prosecuted the poor for their individual gains have turned, like a chameleon, to ‘nationalists’. Their allegiance can be bought and sold by anyone with enough cash, so I shouldn’t waste time on them. I should only concern myself with Ethiopia and Kenya’s interests in Somalia. It is interesting how the inhabitants of Somali regions that border Ethiopia and Kenya, have become allies to those in Mogadishu. In Kismaayo, this is apparent. These allied militias ousted Gen. Morgan who holds support from both Kenya and Ethiopia. Kenya has for several accounts supplied weaponry to Gen. Morgan. Ethiopia has done the same. And as Caaqil pointed out, Kenya’s interests in Somalia are firstly economic and secondly, political. It is involvement in Southern Somalia means that it can help restore old economic arrangements of land trade between the two countries. This land trade supported large number of people in NFD, and a significant percentage of export from Kenya to Somalia. During the pre-war years, Somalia imported a large number of manufactured goods from Kenya. After the war, all export to Somalia was curtailed and those who relied on it displaced economically. …will continue later on IA

"Adeer, laab kaan god weyn aa kuyaalo ee iska jir" ama aan kudhaho "maqayadaan muufadeeda hadaad cuntid shuban aa kawareege"...mawaxaa ileedahay hadaan lagu weeydiin hasheegin? Let Baashi learn a lesson the hard way. Its how he prefers it . But honestly, such information is vital and mustn't be withheld from a friend, or even strangers. There was a little incident that was narrated to me through a joke sometime ago. There was a man who was set to get married who, while best dressed for the occassion, took a cab to where the wedding was taking place. The cab driver didn't know the fella but he knew very well his would-be bride. So the driver while conversing with his passenger asked the groom: 'did you know your bride use to be a bloke (a guy)'? So should one uphold such info?

Dawaco Walaalo what do you mean by killers amongst us? Good question. Ahem...as far as I am concerned, there are chicken abusers and goat killers amongst us... Are they prosecutable too? On a serious note, we should have some acquantence with the Hague and open a tribunal file with them. Or set up truth and reconciliation projects because many have been killed in the last 15 years.

Odey: “Waxaan ka yaabanahay edaabta iyo sharafta illaaheey kuu yeelley, iyo sida aan kuu gardarreystey keliyaan la yaabanahay†Shalaayo: “waabad I gardarreystee dey†Odey: “anaa ku gardarreystey, anigaa ku daldaley, anigaa ku jiirey, anigaa ku dhexmaray, anigaa ku kufiyey, anigaa ku faduuliyey EDEBNA MA LIHI†lol lool Waxaa ugu qosol badan sideey shalaayo magaca aabaheed ee Guuleed Cawaale iyo kan hooyadeed ay oogu dhaarato, iyo sida uu Shabeel uga faaideysto. lol "War heedhe maxaad ahayd"? "Waxaan ahay, Waa joogaa" lol

OLOL maadaama madaxweynihii qabqable-yaasha doorteen dhibaatooyin lasoo darseen, sidee xal loo heli karaa ayey adiga kula tahay?

Aamiin. Ducadaada Eebe hanoo aqbalo. Aamiin.

Independence day........Fourteen days to go --->> Aduukan is daba-marey nin waliba dan leeyahay "..Wax dhan baan dulqaatee Waanwaan dambeetiyo mindhaa nabad ma doono ma dugsado gumeysiga..." Waa Maxamed Saleebaan iyo Maryan Mursal

loool nuune classic daadis.com Ruwaayada waa cajiib, waana mid ka hadleyso amba saadaallisey xaalladaha maanta haysta qoysaska iyo dadyowga Soomaaliyeed . Clever composition and acting. Halqabsiyo badan ayeey ruwaayada leedahay balse, laba aan hoostan ku xusay ayaa iga qosliya mar walboon dhageeystaba. "Cirba gaabo wallee kheyr ma wadid" "Eedo inanbaa ubaxayoo waa shan billood" damn ... the reaction that follows is fine play-act. Very philosophical walaahi lol.

Waa ruwaayaddii Shabeel Naagood oo aan is iri bal inteena xasuusata halkan ugu soo gudbi, si ay dib ugu jaleecaan waayihii ay ruwaayadani caanka ka ahayd dalkii. Qaybtii Koowaad Qaybtii Labaad Qaybtii Saddexaad

Happy birthday Juxa.... wishing you more happier days. Now, me, I have got a blessing in disguise Someone who I know won’t let me go into demise When I need to have kindness through cruelty, She is there with her own brand of though love, specially built in Not only is she the beauty ancient Greeks rave about She possesses a wit and intellect that leaves you in no doubt, About the extraordinary personality wrapped around her She is my saving grace, my greatest friend, and further more, my sister. Dawoco, that was wonderful . Amazing dedication runtii. But juxa is deserving of all dedication. She is simply beautiful , kind and caring. That I can say for sure. Happy birthday again juxa....

Nomads, the topic says 'singles register here' and that is it. If you have any extra comments to make to the author then direct it to her, privately. The tendency to repeat 'you seem desperate' and other phrases are totally childish - grow up. Hibo knows what she is doing and whatever she is shouldn't be anyone's concern. Are you single? If yes, register. If no, then leave her topic to serve the intended purpose - getting to know singles. Others with pleasant and helpful suggestions are always welcome in all topics but spoilers are a no no. Thank you for not diverting the topic .

I thought I'll share email-forward with you Nomads. Enjoy rediscovering bananas . -------- After Reading THIS, you'll NEVER look at a banana in the same way again! Bananas Containing three natural sugars - sucrose, fructose and glucose combined with fiber, a banana gives an instant, sustained and substantial boost of energy. Research has proven that just two bananas provide enough energy for a strenuous 90-minute workout. No wonder the banana is the number one fruit with the world's leading athletes. But energy isn't the only way a banana can help us keep fit. It can also help overcome or prevent a substantial number of illnesses and conditions, making it a must to add to our daily diet. Depression: According to a recent survey undertaken by MIND amongst people suffering from depression, many felt much better after eating a banana. This is because bananas contain tryptophan, a type of protein that the body converts into serotonin, known to make you relax, improve your mood and generally make you feel happier. PMS: Forget the pills -- eat a banana. The vitamin B6 it contains regulates blood glucose levels, which can affect your mood. Anemia: High in iron, bananas can stimulate the production of hemoglobin in the blood and so helps in cases of anemia. Blood Pressure: This unique tropical fruit is extremely high in potassium yet low in salt, making it the perfect way to beat blood pressure. So much so, the US Food and Drug Administration has just allowed the banana industry to make official claims for the fruit's ability to reduce the risk of blood pressure and stroke. Brain Power: 200 students at a Twickenham (Middlesex) school were helped through their exams this year by eating bananas at breakfast, break, and lunch in a bid to boost their brain power. Research has shown that the potassium-packed fruit can assist learning by making pupils more alert. Constipation: High in fiber, including bananas in the diet can help restore normal bowel action, helping to overcome the problem without resorting to laxatives. Hangovers: One of the quickest ways of curing a hangover is to make a banana milkshake, sweetened with honey. The banana calms the stomach and, with the help of the honey, builds up depleted blood sugar levels, while the milk soothes and re-hydrates your system. Heartburn: Bananas have a natural antacid effect in the body, so if you suffer from heartburn, try eating a banana for soothing relief. Morning Sickness: Snacking on bananas between meals helps to keep blood sugar levels up and avoid morning sickness. Mosquito bites: Before reaching for the insect bite cream, try rubbing the affected area with the inside of a banana skin. Many people find it amazingly successful at reducing swelling and irritation. Nerves: Bananas are high in B vitamins that help calm the nervous system. Overweight and at work? Studies at the Institute of Psychology in Austria found pressure at work leads to gorging on comfort food like chocolate and chips. Looking at 5,000 hospital patients, researchers found the most obese were more likely to be in high-pressure jobs. The report concluded that, to avoid panic-induced food cravings, we need to control our blood sugar levels by snacking on high carbohydrate foods every two hours to keep levels steady. Ulcers: The banana is used as the dietary food against intestinal disorders because of its soft texture and smoothness. It is the only raw fruit that can be eaten without distress in over-chronicler cases. It also neutralizes over-acidity and reduces irritation by coating the lining of the stomach. Temperature control: Many other cultures see bananas as a "cooling" fruit that can lower both the physical and emotional temperature of expectant mothers. In Thailand, for example, pregnant women eat bananas to ensure their baby is born with a cool temperature. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Bananas can help SAD sufferers because they contain the natural mood enhancer tryptophan. Smoking: Bananas can also help people trying to give up smoking. The B6, B12 they contain, as well as the potassium and magnesium found in them, help the body recover from the effects of nicotine withdrawal. Stress: Potassium is a vital mineral, which helps normalize the heartbeat, sends oxygen to the brain and regulates your body's water balance. When we are stressed, our metabolic rate rises, thereby reducing our potassium levels. These can be rebalanced with the help of a high-potassium banana snack. Strokes: According to research in "The New England Journal of Medicine," eating bananas as part of a regular diet can cut the risk of death by strokes by as much as 40%! So, a banana really is a natural remedy for many ills. When you compare it to an apple, it has four times the protein, twice the carbohydrates, three times the phosphorus, five times the vitamin A and iron, and twice the other vitamins and minerals. It is also rich in potassium and is one of the best value foods around. So maybe its time to change that well-known phrase so that we say, "A banana a day keeps the doctor away!" End... ---- No wonder monkeys love it, they proved to be very intelligent at their fruit selection .

Nomads in the US, any truth to this sort of bill? Or was this bill passed or not. Does any of you have background info about this case? Thanks in advance. --------------------------------------------------- 109th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1061 To prohibit United States assistance to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia until the Ethiopian Government returns all property of United States citizens and entities that has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise seized by the Ethiopian Government in contravention of international law, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 2, 2005 Mr. ROHRABACHER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned -------------------------------------------------------------------------- A BILL To prohibit United States assistance to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia until the Ethiopian Government returns all property of United States citizens and entities that has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise seized by the Ethiopian Government in contravention of international law, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the American Property Claims Against Ethiopia Act of 2005. SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON BILATERAL ASSISTANCE FOR ETHIOPIA. (a) Prohibition- Notwithstanding section 592 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-447) or any other provision of law, United States assistance may not be provided to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia unless and until the President transmits to Congress a certification that the Government of Ethiopia has taken appropriate steps in accordance with international law-- (1) to return to United States citizens, and to entities not less than 50 percent beneficially owned by United States citizens, property of such citizens and entities that has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise seized by the Ethiopian Government before the date of the enactment of this Act in contravention of international law; or (2) to provide equitable compensation to such citizens and entities for such nationalized, expropriated, or seized property. (b) Definition- In this section, the term `United States assistance' means assistance under any provision of law-- (1) including-- (A) assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), including assistance under title IV of chapter 2 of part I of such Act (relating to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation) and assistance under chapter 4 of part II of such Act (relating to the Economic Support Fund); (B) assistance under the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.); © sales, or financing on any terms, under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), including assistance under section 23 of such Act (relating to the `Foreign Military Financing' program); (D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.); and (E) contributions to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; and (2) other than-- (A) assistance to meet humanitarian needs, including needs for food, medicine, medical supplies and equipment, education, and clothing; and (B) assistance for disaster relief , including assistance under chapter 9 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292 et seq.). SEC. 3. REQUIREMENT TO OPPOSE MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE FOR ETHIOPIA. The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director to each appropriate international financial institution in which the United States participates, to oppose, and vote against the extension by such institution of any loan or financial or technical assistance to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia until such time as the President transmits to Congress a certification pursuant to section 2(a). SEC. 4. REPORT. The President shall transmit to Congress an annual report on the implementation of this Act. Each such report shall include a detailed description of all claims that are outstanding during the preceding year by United States citizens and entities described in section 2(a) for property nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise seized by the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia before the date of the enactment of this Act in contravention of international law. END Source click here

This is a congratulations topic for our esteem brother Khayr who got married last week. I wish to say: Illaah arooskiina haka dhigo mid khayr qaba oo waara, Eebana ha idin ku manneeysto ubad khayr qaba ..oo diintooda, dadkooda iyo dalkooda anfaca....aamiiin... CONGRATULATIONS FOR YOUR WEEDING BROTHER KHAYR....

Hibo, no you don't have to agree with me. But to disagree with me, You (Baash and few others) must understand the concept I am advocating . If that is the case, then I would be a happy man .