Here's succinct history of Islamic philosophy.A basic intro to different schools of thought and their take their take on everything from evolution, logic, and metaphyics. The school of thought that had the most influence on Western scholars is Averroism which considered a precursor to secularism since it argued that religion and philosophy must be separated. I would recommend Cara and perhaps Naxar to look little deeper into Averroism..Sorry I couldn't find good citations. Most databases unfortunately require an access. As sign of respect for the contributions Averros made to Western thoughts, Raphael included him in the "school of Athens" 1. Alcibiades (451/0-404/3 B.C.); 2. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.); 3.Averroes (1126-98); 4. Diogenes (412-323 B.C.); 5. Epicurus (341-270 B.C.); 6. Euclid (fl. 300 B.C); 7. Federico II, Duke of Mantua (1500-1540); 8. Francesco Maria della Rovere, Duke of Urbino (1490-1538); 9. Heraclitus (535-475 B.C.); 10. Plato (429-347 B.C.); 11. Ptolemy (fl. 2d century A.D.); 12. Pythagoras (c. 582-c. 507 B.C.); 13. Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520); 14. Socrates (469-399 B.C.); 15. Giovanni Antonio Bazzi Sodoma(1477-1549); 16. Giorgio Vasari (1511-74); 17. Xenophon (c. 430-c. 355 B.C.); 18. Zoroaster (c.628-551 B.C.)

My favorite Muslim is Al-Kindi (Alkindus-Latin version). He studied all subjects as that was case with scholars in the past, but his most philosophical contributions is the arguments against the "infinite past" which was contrary to Aristotle's belief that universe "has infinite past with no beginning". Alkindus along with Saadia ben Joseph and Algazel came with two argument against the infinite past theory. First is "argument from the impossibility of the existence of an actual infinite. This stated: "An actual infinite cannot exist." "An infinite temporal regress of events is an actual infinite." " An infinite temporal regress of events cannot exist." Second is "argument from the impossibility of completing an actual infinite by successive addition" which says: "An actual infinite cannot be completed by successive addition." "The temporal series of past events has been completed by successive addition." " The temporal series of past events cannot be an actual infinite." Immanuel Kant adopted the second argument. Al-Kindus

^Oh my

The Canadian government is USELESS and quite honestly prejudice. A Yankee gets locked up anywhere in the world, we send the big boy himself.

LoooooL@Africown...G arowe kuwaa latey. I thought "cutting pieces" part was just dramatic touch-very disturbing.

^He's on the terrorist list and Dabshid is accomplice be passive one

^Ask JB or Libaan aka Cadaan-they get 411 on everything!!

Caashada waxaa kulaaban umaleynaa mahaaga kajoog I love her name

Arintiisa Duke baa haya. Kirligaaga horey inaa soo qaadatid aheed. Islaantii Hargeysa mise Burco aheed oo moofoda, maraq iyo shaax sameyneesey camal majoogto miyaa?

Xidagi...I'm well walaal. Jb...What ARDAA does is beside the point, the reality is those criminals are still out there! What's exactly being done to apprehend and bring them to justice. Faroole seems to be more in solving the murders in Galkacayo though in fairness that involved high ranking official.Nonetheless , these man were killed in cold blood.

^War Jb meesha lacag fooqi caqli ah baa soo gashey. Shaax yaa hada caba dadku reer magaal been noqdeyn. Fanta iyo frappuccino uunbaa hada lacabaa. Hadaad shaax Soomaali Qardho jiri laakin Sayid-Somali waxba ha,usheegin

I'm surprised no one is caught yet though everybody knows who killers are-there seemed to be better rule and order in that part of Somalia. How are you Xidago?

^ How's Garowe duqa,and did you see Duke's hitman yet

Long way coming-they must secure the town, and this town needs to have one administration or the very least, there should be extensive cooperation between those on either side of the green line. Where's Geeseeye?

Long way coming-they must secure the town, and this town needs to have one administration or the very least, there should be extensive cooperation between those on either side of the green line. Where's Geeseeye?

LooooooL@Peace Action...Good luck getting answer a sound answer...We should all apologize to Duke

Originally posted by GAAROODI: This is so instilled into our DNA that there is no going back Since it's the very fabric of ourselves and there's no hope in changing it, what's to stop you and your cousin fighting over waterhole or perhaps should you become separate states as well?

You make good point there!

Originally posted by Sayid*Somal: what about Sharmaarke? How typical

Clan chauvinism at its peak-as if calling good Somalis 0.5 wasn't bad enough-Sharif should condemn this d*ckhead called America. Gabbal Hear Hear

LooooL@Rudy

^How so?

^Abwaan, though you are reasonable, I think Sharif could do without supporters like you!

^Desperate how?

^Touche' But still humiliating high ranking Somali official in foriegn city....? And could the lack of respect have something with his tribe?