Tahlili, thanks for recognizing the point brother. Insha-Allah, I will be doing my bit to create mentoring and inspiring programmes for the young in my free time. Tahlil, you are right there is no point of being educated if we can help our 16 year olds. We must, in our individual capacities, do what we can. As for me, I will try my best, but as for others, it is up to them.

Originally posted by samuraiW: Whilst the concept of Human Security, Ken Booth’s Critical Security Studies in particular, is principally admirable, as you seem to have been besotted by it, here lies the flaw in my opinion with respect to Somalia and its embryonic, if distinctively peculiar, form(s) of governance, or there lack of. SumuraiW, Somalia is indeed distinct in its statelessness but theorizing this statelessness is not beyond the grasp of Human Security. You admit that you are familiar with Ken Booth's Critical Security Theory, yet, it seems you have failed to realise that the theory is by virtue, human-centric and clearly contrary to realism's anti-statism. I am not sure whether you are mistaking Booth's theory for the Ole Woever and Barry Buzzan's Speech Acts of Coppenhagen School. Because the two theories overlap but have fundamentally different starting points, moreover Human Security tries to use the individual as the referent agent and not the state, while Speech Acts are covertly realist. Booth's theory advocates for the extention of identity to the highest possible level, and doesn't torelate exclusivity in any sense. This is the very reason why I used it: to dispell the exclusivity thrust on Puntland's territories, which makes its leaders create a dichotomy between us and them, when in fact all Somalis are the same. As for the argument that Puntland is a state in a stateless Somalia, then, I say there is no use of having Fortress Puntland (protecting itself againts other fellow citizens) when the same knowledge and experience of state-building can be extended to the rest of the country, which if not, may latterly pose existential threat to Puntland. If Somalia is stateless then there is no point of having regional state like Puntland, waiting for a state to be born, is there? The regional state may as well seek international recognizition if it doesn't wish to comply with the Law of the Land. If not, it must make sure the attempts made to re-instate the national government are succeffully implimented, and it should be the first regional state to impliment and adhere to the national government and not the other way around. Originally posted by samuraiW: You see, the thrust of the said theory like many others command state characteristics to be in place, hence favouring nation states with coagulated national structure in quest of institutional modernity in the context of current world economic phenomena – globalism, if you may. No, dear SumaraiW, that is not quite the most accurate observation. The theories that command state charactertics to be in place, and who favour the nation states are usually Positivist Theories. Critical Security Theory is a post-positivist theory and does not have or adhere to traditional priorities or realities, as opposed to say theories like Liberalism and Realism. Reaslim is the dominant in IR theory that gives much importance to the nation state or statism. Critical Security theory altogether dismisses the state as unimportant. On a different note, since you have mentioned globalism and all its Liberal Internationalist non-sense, even a fellow Positivist theory like Realism, will dismiss globalism are not very important, or Liberal Utopianism. While on the other hand, globalization has been used by Human Security Theorists to show the potential of having one human race, without which no state borders and 'enthnocentric' barriers can come between them. So you see, just in one paragraph, you have managed to jumble up remarks that will made IR lecturers gasp for oxygen with disbelief for mixing claims up. Originally posted by samuraiW: Which is why in the case of Somalia, ‘the individualistic we [clan]’ must be satisfied with its sensitivity being observed first and foremost if ‘the congruential we [national]’ must be attained, for the latter requires the former’s exclusive submission and credence before the latter could be realised. How could one aspire to the welfare of the whole whilst subverting the eudaemonia of the one that which postulates the whole - it is beyond me. And I hope you see where I am going with this [i wish to come back to further elucidate this point should you fail to grasp it.] My friend, where in Puntland's case has the individual 'we' become satisfied in regards to the current situation? By resorting to satisfy a core of a small group who are, for whatever reason, considered to be the 'we' of Puntland's ruling group, as only created a periphery of other groups within Puntland who would feel they are not part and percel of the core 'we', which is limited only to the rulers of the state. This is the reason why the skirmishes in Majiyahan have occurred. Puntland's peoples have already achieved to create a state and if the state becomes an instrument through which resources are acquired by one group, it will enrage other groups and it will mean more Majiyahans. A fiefdom for the few, unconnected to national governmental system which has the capacity to provide for all. Originally posted by samuraiW: As for state-federal relationship, what some might view as a problem as the case might be between Adde and Gedi despite who is on the right or not, I see an opportunity of working out particulars of state-federal relations - who calls the shots where and on what terms, so to speak. It is unchartered waters demanding assortment of orders with clear heads and minds. And I remain in total agreement on the matter of precedence in the case of Puntland with respect to state-federal relations. Indeed an opportunity and a lesson on legal arrangements that answers Castro's question of "exactly who rules over who?" A lesson that a federal state - however incompetant the PM or the national government is- has no right in the constitution to disown the Prime Minister or the national parliament. That was the point I was making in regards Cade's disowning of Geedi. The other point was related to the illegality of Puntland federal state and Range Resources' agreements under the constitution, without the permission of the President, Parliament and council of ministers. This points are still as valid as their were at the time I made them. Originally posted by samuraiW: There shall come times when clashes shall transpire, and people shall switch sides as seen fit, it be perceptions of their interest being jeopardised or marginalised. Condemning them or questioning their nationalism in the event of such occurrences, which is what you, Mr Paragon and our progeny Mr Code had done here, is most definitely not the kosher. Erm, there was no questioning of anyone's nationalism from my part but I did condemn Cade's moves, and earlier Geedi's. I don't know about Code's position, but whatever you may call it, I stand by my position. And I stand to be disproved.

Oh, the high almighty Paragon, here is a quandary for you - if ‘the we’, our young Sakhar speaks so passionately about is so despicable in your equation, and you would not even feed ‘the we’ to the dogs, then what good is the constitution you so fervently worship? Should not ‘the we’ [supposedly the people] be more important than the ‘constitution’ [contract by, for and amongst ‘the we’]. See the knot, here old chap? SamuraiW, are you familiar with the Human Security concept proliferated by Ken Booth's Critical Security Studies called "Emancipation". Emancipations takes on many 'particularisms' that divide one tribal or political community from others. This particularism may be promoted by a national state, a regional state or as it occurs now in Somalia, tribal states. Thus what is needed here is not a 'we' that draws on the similarities derived from clan affiliation, but a 'we' that emancipates groups of people or individuals from this division and to a national identity. If the country needs anything; it needs a national unity and the only Law that proposes such unity is our national constitution. So please don't be alarmed by my dislike for particularistic, exclussive 'we-ness' that only serves to create more rigid division within my countrymen and women. On that note, I wish you will familiarize yourself with Critical Security Studies since you've already touched on some IR theories like the game theory. Let me conclude with this passage from one of the essays I wrote some years ago as it may seem quite revelant to this issue. By rejecting territorial exclusivity associated with the integrity of the [regional] state, critical international theory proposes a theoretical position committed to the goal of emancipating the entire human species. It seeks to facilitate moral and political community not just by extending it beyond the frontiers of the sovereign state, but also by deepening it within those frontiers. This extension and deepening of security is concerned with ‘overcoming intersocietal estrangement and establishing a system of generating political security based on universal emancipation’ (Devetak: 168). Such a system would require forms of political organization, which are ‘less insistent on sovereignty and more tolerant of the sub-national and transnational loyalties on which future sites of organizational power many come to rest’ (A. Linklater 1995a: 195). Underlying critical international theory’s critique of the sovereign [regional] state is a critique of all exclusiveness and association because of the results they bring. Therefore, where there is exclusivity and particularistic association, there remains insecurity, CSS wants extension and openness. PS: I will send the whole essay to you via PM, if wish to peruse it. And also, my position in this discussion has not been arrived at through haste, it is a decision I have made due to my belief that there are some legal discrepancies present in the dealing-making of Puntland of Somalia and Range Resources. As far as the personhood of Odey Cade, PM Geedi and H.E. President Yussuf are concerned, I have no intention to call their charactors into any disrepute. They just happen to be our leaders, and because they are our leaders, their decision-making and policy developments are a matter of national concern. Mine is a natural duty to look after our nation's interest and to make sure it is constitution is upheld. As for Puntland state of Somalia, it is the Perfect Examplar of regional state in Federal Somalia. The scrunity its leader's policies face should only be counted as being a support that has a vigilant and informed mind. Where Puntland goes other federal states will follow; it is thus awfully important that Puntland becomes the good example it has been during the pre-TFG time. This is why I deplore Cade's action to disown the PM of the federal Republic of Somalia. All is meant for good results.

^^ We who? Your clan? Or some other political entity I haven't yet heard of. The 'we' you speak of is not the constitution of the country that I so much care about, and so long as it is not that, to hell it that 'we'. I could, I would throw it to the dogs.

^^^ Mr. You haven't said anything new there except pigeon-holing me as being someone who is against the gains of Cade's kinsmen, when infact I am legally minded as far as this issue is concerned. I have always spoken of the contractual irregularities that are prevalent in the deals between Cade and Range. I am not sure if you read my other posts properly, but I tend to mention what I believe to be everyone's wrong. In general I am interested in how both Cade and Geedi support the country's Charter when it suits them or discard it when it doesn't. Just as Codetalker rightly wondered, I wonder too for how long the interests of few men can come before the constitution itself. Even more ironnically, I am quite disappointed to see fellow users of this forum (whom I believed to be suitably educated) blindly and un-thinkingly vouching for men who are at odds with the country's very Law. It sure is a misfortune. PS: I have had far too many Foreign Policy Analysts (structural neo-realists mostly) as boring lecturers and I have perused through the classic Theory of Games and Economic Behaviours , but still, I find all theories except Security Dilema, extremely dull. So if you are interested in these kinds of theories, I will recommend to sink your in teeth into: Zero-sum/non-Zero-sum theory or Absolute and Relative Gains theory, or Positive sum and comparative advantage. Interdisciplinary as these theories may become latterly, they never explain the legal limbo either Cade or Geedi is in. [EDIT] http://www.goobjoog.net/ Tue, 23 May 2006 14:37:00 14MayGMT Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo war ka soo saartay khilaafka kala dhaxeeya Puntland Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa faahfaahin ka bixisay khilaafka dhex yaala Maamul Goboleedka Puntland, waxaana lagu caddeeyay war cad oo laga soo saaray xafiiskiisa in xukuumadda ay ka codsatay Puntland inay hakiso baaritaanka iyo soo saarista Macdanta iyo shidaalka inta laga soo saarayo sharciga Kheyraadka oo dhowaan Baarlamaanka la hor geyn doono. Wasiirka Warfaafinta Maxamed Cabdi Xayir ayaa shir jaraa’id oo uu ku qabtay magaalada Baydhaba ayaa sheegay in kadib markii ay dagaallo ka dhaceen degaanada Majiyahan Ra’iisal wasaaruhu isagoo gudanaya waajibaadkiisa qaran qoraal u qoray maamulka Puntland kana dalbaday in la hakiyo howsha inta sharci laga sameynayo, wuxuuna sii raaciyay, in heshiiskii labada dhinac hore u gaareen loo baahan yahay in waxyaabo laga bedelo. Wasirku wuxuu sheegay in eedeymaha ay Puntland u soo jeedisay xukuumadda ay yihiin waxba kama jiraan, ayna xukuumaddu isku dayeyso in la hagaajiyo xiriirka dowladda Federaalka iyo Puntland. Dhinaca kale waxgarad iyo siyaasiyiin ka tirsan beesha Muddulood oo maanta shir ku yeeshay Muqdisho ayaa cambaareeyay warkii ka soo yeeray madaxweynaha Puntland ee lidka ku ahaa Ra’iisal wasaare Geedi, waxaana lagu sheegay in Cadde Muuse uu si toos ah u weeraray shaqsiyadda Ra’iisal wasaaraha, taasina aan la qaadan karin. Odayaasha Beesha Mudu---d waxay ka dalbadeen beesha Maj----n inay cudurdaar ka bixiso gefka Cadde Muuse muddo 24 saacadood ah, waxayna xusuusiyeen in madaxweynaha uu ka soo jeedo beeshaasi. Xaal baada Cade raacay!

Time graduates and undergrads take an active role within the community. Atleast that is worth mentioning.

Castro, another twist to the story is in some parts of Nuugaal, the exploration equipments of former companies is still there. Their camps are still guarded by security staff they hired for the protection of their facilities. Now even beyond the legal hurdles, Puntland wishes to explore the places which former companies had started their explorations. Also Majiyahhan and Dhallan area are places that were formerly marked by previous companies. And all I see coming out of Cade's hasty agreements is a wide-ranging failure. Sakhar, ah! My clan did you say? I am more a marxist or impressionist than I am a clan member. If you find any other grouping that is either economically and politically oriented toward a more egaliterian position in Somalia, please let me know I will join them. Currently, I am close to becoming a marxist! Now go and cleanse your mind out of the filth it has in it! It smells so unpleasantly! Its 2006, old boy and I have evolved beyond the clan!

read this for the time - out of time http://www.rangeresources.com.au/docs/News%20Article%2018%20January%201993.pdf

Duke, they do? No they don't! The only thing they have (which unsurprisingly will become unbinding) is the go ahead given by Geedi to Range Resources to explore 'minerals'. The big issue here is OIL! That right to explore for OIL has not been given to Range Resources yet, not even in the earlier letter of Geedi. OIL is the big catch here, if you don't get the right for it, you'd rather run for it! This right is already owned by ConacoPhillips.

Exactly who rules over who? Castro, a timely question.

The pressure is on Geedi, what leverage does he have over Puntland? None. The Mogadishu war, the ultimatum he gave to the warlords and this, only spells doom for him. May be not alot, but he will surely have alot on Range Resources...and similar companies. I will let you to think of the impacts that would have on Puntland?

Lol Suldaanka. He just might, never doubt the determination of a committed supporter. Mr. Duke, Your highness, I think your ill-informed president has landed himself in the worst case of legal limbo, a case that actually nullifies the glue (agreement and guarantees) that make the very entity of puntland stick. Lookie here: Cade retrieves his recognition - meaning the recognition of Puntland - then he steps out of the binding constitution of the republic of Somalia. Because the constitution of the country had, in the first place, allowed Puntland's creation upon the promise of general unity of Somalia, parties or clans within the state of Puntland agreed to form one entity. That is, on the condition that Puntland remains committed to the central government of Somalia's constitutional stipulations. If, then, Puntland fails to recognize the central government of the republic, the agreements which Puntland entered with local clans or groups become NULL and VOID. In other words a new set of agreement need be re-drawn. You see where this is heading? This gives those who oppose the agreements of Range Resources more ammunition with which to destroy it. Remeber the initial objection was that the agreement was not constitutionally rafitied by the Council of Ministers, Parliament and the President? Oh Yeah, that was exactly their point of resistance, and now, God forbid, Puntland has made itself a rogue entity! Remember how Cade went out of his way to get the permission of Geedi? Now Cade has no Geedi or TFG to turn to and in the same token, Range Resources may itself face other legal hurdles - since it will come across as robbing the graves of our nearly dead Somali republic. This allows Geedi, for example, to lodge a legal complaint - against Range Resources, such as violation of the territorial itegrity of the Republic of Somalia . Now, aint this just pretty? I wonder, from where does Cade's so-called legal or constitutional advicers got their education?

^^ Lol This is beyond amusement, boy. Soon enough Cade will declare independence from the Somali Republic, and then I will watch you change your location from Puntland State, Somali Republic - to Cade's republic of Puntland! Should that happen, it shall amuse more people than myself! More people may even find some amusement in the position you will hold when greed divides the two places in which your allegience currenty lies. By then (for curiosity's sake) will you stick with Puntland Republic and abandon the TFG, or remain with your uncle Wolfie's TFG? I can imagine how inconvenient Geedi has turn out to be for you- he has come between you and your uncle Wolfie, and also will come between Mr. Wolfie and his former fiefdom? What then will you do? Take both paths and tear yourself apart for each path?

Hahahahahaha! Bravo! Bravo! That was a splendid perfomance, sxb. Keep it up!

What a delightful joke. What is next? Puntland declares independence from the federal republic of Somalia? Haha. If only puntland had such authority to exempt itself from the Charter of the republic. Haha this is truly a funny revelation; a classic come back from the clueless Cade I might add. Expect the unexpected from him.

You talk too much Justice. If you don't want to do anything and talk alot then please don't do it here -not in this topic please. It is for another purpose. Thank you.

A show of Somali solidarity against sponsoring the civil war and re-awakening of their conscience. Get it? Or you still don't! PS: Sorry if you thought we were trying to catch a foreigner's attention. But you can do that.

Youths bring violence from a war-torn land By Ben Fenton and Mike Pflanz, East Africa Correspondent (Filed: 20/05/2006) The search for a youth of Somali origin in connection with the murder of Kiyan Prince will add to the woes of community leaders trying to dispel the association of immigrants from the Horn of Africa with violent crime. In recent years, Somalis have been connected with some of the most high-profile murders in Britain and been on the receiving end of criticism from senior figures in other ethnic minority communities. Mustafa Jama, 25, whose family is part of the large Somali population centred on a mosque in Plumstead, south-east London, is wanted for the murder of Pc Sharon Beshenivsky. His 19-year-old brother, Yusuf, has already been charged with that crime. One of the four men awaiting trial for the attempted suicide bombings on the London Underground last July 21, Yassin Hassan Omar, is a Somali. Another Somali, Abdulrahman Osman, raped a 40-year-old woman shortly after he had been released from a three-year sentence for robbery, but had not been deported. Last January, a 19-year-old Somali man was stabbed to death at a north London bus stop by other Somalis from a different part of the city. In the past six months, Somali youths have been blamed by a Labour MP for a spate of street robberies in Southall, west London, and in south London tensions between Britons of Afro-Caribbean origin and Somalis were brought to public attention by Darcus Howe, a commentator on ethnic minority affairs. Mohamud Gure, a community leader in Islington, north London, said: "We are very, very alarmed by what is happening to Somali youth in this country. "This is the first generation of Somalis who have come into adolescence here and there is a great deal of frustration and poverty and alienation and anger. "They are frustrated because they do not feel supported by the Somali community or by the Government and I think many are disillusioned by life here because they do not see Somali role models who have made successes of themselves." Mr Gure, who trained as an economist before coming to Britain five years ago, said that the only role model young Somalis had was the BBC journalist Rageh Omar. "They are confused. Really confused. "The Government and the existing Somali community has to do something about this as a matter of urgency. "There must be intervention at school level to give these youngsters a sense that they can achieve something in this country. "Many of them still carry the trauma with them that they brought from Somalia as very young children. "Some of them even saw their parents killed in front of them. Many have no father because he was killed in the chaos of Somalia. "Some of them react by using violence, but it is only a very small minority because Somalis are a peace-loving people in general." There are at least 100,000 Somalis in Britain, with up to 6,000 a year coming in as asylum seekers when the anarchy in their homeland grew worse in the late 1990s and early part of this century. They did not as a rule move in among the settled Somali communities in cities such as Cardiff, Bristol, Liverpool, Hull and South Shields, whose presence was linked to the reputation of the coastal peoples of the Horn of Africa as good and uncomplaining seamen. Two waves of Somali refugees have arrived, the first in about 1987 and the second, larger, following the civil war that erupted in 1993. Somalia is considered to be one of the least stable countries in the world. There has been no effective government since the overthrow of the military dictator Mohamed Siad Barre in 1991. The capital Mogadishu normally tops lists of the worst places to live on the planet. Even the limited government bodies that do exist consider it too dangerous to be based in "Mog". There is no education ministry to teach children, no health department to hire doctors and no financial authority to regulate the economy or collect taxes. Since Barre's departure, a plethora of powerful families and well-armed clans has fought constantly for influence, carving the country of eight million people into a patchwork of medieval fiefdoms. bfenton@telegraph.co.uk Kiyan was killed stopping a fight Information appearing on telegraph.co.uk is the copyright of Telegraph Group Limited and must not be reproduced in any medium without licence. For the full copyright statement see Copyright

The issue of Puntland oil, why bring it up now>? The man is a joke and as long as he is around this govenrment wont get far.... Duke, erm back up, allow me to read between the lines. "The issue of Puntland...So long as the man (Geedi) is around to (to protect locals against Cade's exploitation he -Geedi) is a joke...(because if he doesn't share the loot with Cade) this government wont go far!" You need to move on from your utter failure of understanding the Majiyahan incident and the stance of Puntland state towards its rights... Sorry old chap, Puntland without the authorization of the national government and the acceptance of local notables, has no rights beyond the confines of its parliament. Even the right for Cade to step out of the parliament's door has to be nationally agreed. That is federalism for you: consultation between regional and national authorities. So the Majiyahan issue cannot be swept aside, no no, that won't do my old chap because there is alot at stake. If we keep our silence from this, who knows what the outcome would be? Total regional dictatorships converging on a national one?

Codetalker, It is quite interesting that Geedi has gone back to review his earlier act of granting rights to Range Ranges. It is as if he has been reading my objections to him and Cade's attempts to profit before capable parliament and government are re-instated. As I said in the previous topic, the decision still rests on what the Council of Ministers and the parliament says. Somehow, this new development (Geedi's recent letter), makes things look more hopeful. Art, Are you saying since Somalis have a long history of clashes between clans and skirmishes here and there, that what you call progress (or venture profiteering to me) must be implimented, regardless of who dies? This sounds as if one is stipulating that we should let the locals of Chernobyl continue working with high levels of radiation leaks, because as this logic goes, they have had (and will have) a long history of radition leak! According to you these clashes retard progress, when infact logically, progress only comes with a long-lasting peace. Range resources knows the peace in the region in which it wishes to invest is temporary, since the whole country is at war. So range resources came to Puntland with the full knowledge that they may become another source of conflict. I say their persuit for profit retards the wheels of their logic and reasoning. Cade, as foolish as he is, should have also thought of the consequences of eating alone that which belongs to another clan, in a country that is being ravaged by poverty. The main reason Somalia is at war is this very thing of economic greed. How brain-dead would one (Cade) be for not consulting with the very people he wishes to exploit their land!? War wuxu doqonsanaa ma caqligaa doonni laga saarey! . Sakhar, You come across as someone new to this affair of resource grapping in Somali lands. Am I to suppose that you are either a Somali new to Somali politics, or another treasure hunter like art or even worse Duke , who is as described by Codetalker. Whatever you are, the issue has more of an economic twist than it has a clannistic tone. It is who gets what down his/her throat or who shares what! To the locals, it is who dares dig it, cook it, and eat it before us .

Yo-Yo and Waterlily, you two are an encouragement. Thanks alot. JUSTICE and Animal Farm, you say the war has been going on for a long time, but then what are you two going to do? Just, as Waterlily said, thrive on helplessness and use the excuse that the fact that the war has been on-going for a long time? I bet you would and have resigned into a hopeless fatalism. God help you, Amin. Now, what will we get out of showing Somali solidarity through marching across the globe and within Somalia? Sorry to say this but we will get alot out of it! And we aren't going to sit around while AS WE SPEAK CIVILIANS ARE GUNNED DOWNED IN SOMALIA and do nothing...! God help the lost lot, bless us for we haven't yet lost all confidence and hope! By Allah, we will succeed. PS: If you can't do anything through your own initiative, there is no purpose responding to this topic. The discussion is who can and not who can't. Get it?

Greetings fellow countrymen and women, Here is the deal: the nation is scattered across the world and the country is up in ruins. This is because the country's people have not yet DECIDED to exert their collective will against the warmongers. Collective being the operative word, here is Paragon's WAGER for all: ARE YOU CAPABLE OF ORGANIZING AN INTERNATIONAL DEMONSTRATION FOR SOMALIA PEACE, IN YOUR CITY AT THE SAME DAY AS OTHER CITIES, WITH THE SAME THEME AND THE SAME MESSAGE? If you think You Can, then, post your name here in this topic for everyone to know. If you pull it off then you will get an international recognization for being among THE GREATEST LIVING SOMALIS and your name will become historic. It is your city against others and all. Who dares organize?

Originally posted by Maakhir: Paragon, you are very wrong to generalize the region of Sanaag as an underdeveloped and remote. It is remote in fact due to the lack of resource allocation by the former so as many regions. From 1981-1989, LaasQorey was an emporium just like Bossaso is today after the closure of Berbera Port. However, gaps in the United Nations Assistance policy have been the main cause of this region and so many other regions' lag behind other regions. Maakhir, do forgive for I have not been able to respond at a suitable period. That said however, if one considers 'what was' as a substitute for what is to become, then I confess, you have a point. But since the importance is with the procurement of current developmental opportunities, what small towns or parts of Sanaag 'was' IS is really of no such importance or relevance. Between 1981-1989 Laas Qorey was indeed used as some sort of a port, but this usage was temporal in nature as the opportunity only arose from the closure of Berbera port. This was purely an opportunity that came to exit due to polico-social changes prompted by the military operations of Ina Barre's regime. The residents of Laas Qorey did happen to be of a clan un-opposed to the state's operations, and were thus poised to benefit from the sanctions placed on Berbera port. It was only a matter of time for the government to collapse, and with it, Berbera to be back in business again. Soon as that was the case, Laas Qorey sunk back into economic insignificance. To claim such an opportunity may have had a long-lasting economic benefits is stretching the argument. The United Nations and other organisations may have had proposed other projects or promised economic assistance, however, for some strange reason, they withdrew their proposals. At least this time around there is a possibility that Sanaag would have a bargaining chip with which to guarantee economic investment. Now we know Sanaag is alleged to have wanted products and there are likelyhood returns from exploring for them. That is a good incentive for other companies. Thus it is important that one shouldn't be concerned with what projects that 'were' proposed previously and be focused on what projects that 'are' being proposed presently. Unlike earlier 'aid' or 'assistance' orientated projects, this proposed project is set to be purely economic. A chance to proudly do business rather than expect or beg foreign assistance.

BoiBoi, I agree with you on the point of collaboration between all sectors involved. I also think (whilst having Maakhir's question in mind) that these sort of projects -whether they're explorations or mining - have more advantages for all than they have disadvantages. These projects (even when the lag-time you mention is considered) are just the first phases of future developmental opportunities beneficial to the locals. Maakhir, you wrote: developmental projects? Do you really think this is a developmental project? Give me more detail. of which they fail to misappropriate its funds. The point I am making in regards to the developmental nature of these sort of projects is that: (a) if exploration is successful and mining commences, there would be (b) a need for the necessary infrastructure needed to haul mined products, and because these infrastructures (most importantly roads and other transportation systems) are vital not only to the business of mining, but © are also vital to local commerce (such as gum-production, livestock export etc) which had been previously restricted by lack of basic infrastructure, these projects can be classed as developmental projects. The Siyad Barre regime hasn't developed this region, whatever the reasons. However, Maakhir , this is an opportunity which the local population must grap with both hands if they are to benefit their land in an era of limited opportunity in Somalia. The likelihood of similar exploration process taking place in the Maakhir Coast area, especially the offshores of Laas-Qorey, should additionally signal that Laas-Qorey may at last have the chance to be built and lead to the creation of a proper port for this port-less province. If conflict is to be given the priority, then I'd say, it is another economic opportunity destined to be lost. The opponents of this exploration process have gotten used to opposing every opportunity, which in turn leaves Sanaag both remote and poor. Only in poverty will they (this greedy group) have succeed to see those who depend on them languish under their control, and that is what they want. The reason why they object to any sort of development is that people are likely to be economically independent, which always stimulates social independency and creative innovativeness. The previous opportunity that they have squandered in regards to the building of Laas-Qorey port is a case in point. The funds allocated for the project of building Laas-Qorey, have been shared between greedy elders and pocketed. This is why I am weary of the prospects of having future funds misappropriated. I am sure Range Resources’ finds, if they do find anything that is, will lead to the development of the necessary transfer mechanisms, which includes the development of infrastructure. However dodgy they come across, what is a surety is that they have share-holders and a business plan that demands accountability and also effective profit making. Accountability and transparency is not something you will find in a militia’s agenda, and most of all, Cade or Geedi’s shady profiteering. A note for Shihaabudiin : you wrote: Otherwise expect no mercy from the government because they will deal with those rag-tag militias, who don't take orders from no-where and the administration will deal with them appriopriately because no-one is bigger than the state or law for that matter and the exploration will go on inshallaah godwillingly! I think you are mistaken, my friend. Whatever government there is today, whether regional or national, none of them possesses the might to force anyone. The very administration of Puntland is made up of militias of all the clans who have participated in its creation. If the talk is force then nothing will yield out of it, believe me. Puntland has a history of internal conflicts, most about power or wealth. Usually these internal conflicts are solved appropriate and as can be understood from recent talks, this particular issue will be solved. Conflict is in no one’s interest, but sometimes one creates a conflict to legalise a certain claim to something. Moreover, the state is not BIG; rather, it is in its infancy. So please don’t go around speaking as you wrote above. If anything, you would be truly laughed at.

Tallabo ku dayasho mudan oo ay qaden Ardayda Jamacada ‘London Metropolitan University' (La soo galiyay: 07/04/06) Habeenkii ay taariikhdu ahayd 28kii Maarso 2006 oo ku beegnayd 28kii Rabiicul-Awal (Mawliid) 1427,... Waxaa hoolka dhexe ee Masaajidka Wayn ee Bariga London (London Muslim Centre – LMC-) lagu qabtay kulan ballaaran oo dhaqaale loogu ururinayo dadka Soomaaliyeed ee abaaruhu ay waxyeelleeyeen. Kulnakaas waxaa qabanqaabadiisa iska lahaa dhallinyarada Jaamacadda LONDON METROPLOLITAN UNIVERSITY oo ay horkacayeen Xasan A. Xuseen oo Soomaali ah, Amir Ashraf iyo Waseem Tailor. Dhallinyaradaasi waxay horay u arkeen hawlaha gargaar ee Muslim Aid ay ka waddo Geeska Afrika, sidaa awgeed ayay Muslim Aid kala tashadeen sidii la yeeli lahaa iyo gacanta ay MA arrintaas ka geysan karto. Muslim Aid oo fikradda dhallinyaradaas si aad ah u soo dhoweysay ayaa dhallinyarada la hawlgashay oo ku dadaashay in kulankaasi uu noqdo mid miro fiican dhala. 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