Allaha u naxariistu meytida, samir iyo iimaanna Allaha kasiiyo ehelladiyo qaraabadeey ka geeriyoodeen. Amiin.

well, what about quran in mp3 format? dont we pause them sometimes without regard to what verse they stop, is that haram? Ibtiyey, it's always advised that we never interrupt a reciter in the middle of an Aayah and as such it's wise to apply that rule to digital or cassette recording of the Qur'an. ITS ACTUALLY MOST IMPORTANT to halt all avoidable interruptions of a Quranic recitation, specially when you are with friends and family. It's sometimes easy to have discussions while a Surah plays in the background. It's also nice to say sadaqallaahu cadiim right after listening to the Aayahs recited that in the middle of a Surah. Little habits here and there make a difference . From my childhood till now, I somehow I had this innate inability to abruptly stop an Aayah, whether it be from the radio, cassette, or digital recording. Must be the family upbringing beaten deep into my thick skull . PS: Kiss the Kitaab wherever you encounter it. Phew! That ends our lecture session dear sister .

They did a research to find out just that? Why didn't they come to me; I would have expounded for them one of my own theorities on this subject . Hiddiyo Dhaqan... the way to live.

Nonsense. This supposed show of 'sincere' concern and support for the liberation of our tyrannized brethren, while simply using a 'name' to nullify the efforts of freedom fighters on the ground, is utter rubbish! I doubt the sincerity of some of those who maliciously malign the good name of the ONLF, while open-heartedly welcoming the tyranny against which the ONLF fights, into Somalia proper. I mean come on folks, as Abdiladiif has already said, ' qaylidu orgiga ka weyn' waad nagu khaldeysaane! ' PS: Koora-Tuunshe; what say you if I were to contest the term 'Xero-W' on Sanaag and deny them their right to self-determination, apparently because that above term and Maakhir too are the names of clan enclaves? Adeer, dhul Soomaali waa dhul Soomaali regardless of what other name it's called. Dhibaatada dadka haysata maad aragtid marka hore intaadan macaga ku sanifin? Cajaaib.

Press Releases Somalia: In Support of Las Anod's Resistance Against Somaliland By Apr 12, 2008 - 8:14:39 PM Press Release April 10, 2008 We, Awdal Sool and Sanaag Coalition Against Secession (ASSCAS), condemn and consider the occupation of Las Anod, the capital of Sool, by the Hargeisa secessionist’s militias on October 15, 2007 a premeditated act of aggression, an unprovoked initiation of hostility, and a serious crime against humanity and call upon the international community and the Somali people to prosecute the clique that are responsible for these heinous acts. We believe strongly that it is criminal to wage war against the peaceful inhabitants of Sool who are enduring the worst drought ever experienced by the inhabitants of that region. In fact, nothing justifies the exasperation of the tragic effect of the famine that is wreaking havoc on the lives of these people and their livestock. And it is our honest conclusion that only and only a sadist who doesn’t value human life can entertain taking advantage of the human calamity that is unfolding in that region. Knowing well the absurdity of clan warfare and the senseless fratricide of the last twenty years (1988-2008) that reduced the Somali people to the lowest rung of human destitution, we advise the Hargeisa-based secessionist enclave in the Northwest region of the Somali Republic to stop their expansionist policies and not to lead the Somali people into another bloody fray which will cause an unnecessary loss of life and the destruction of the meager resources of these people. We are flabbergasted by how any one can forget the number of times the Somali warlords, satisfying only their egos, took an irresponsible act, and played poker with the lives of hundreds of thousands of Somalis. We are dumfounded by how any one can overlook the fact that the warlords, guided by their whims, dragged the Somali nation over a precipitous cliff and down into a dark abyss of nightmarish anarchy. And we are stunned by how any one can ignore the destructiveness of a civil war that pits one brother or sister against another and lays asunder the cohesiveness of entire communities, communities whose people have lived together for centuries in peace and harmony. A temporary victory may flatter the ego of an aggressor for a moment but at the end of the day when the dust settles, the fogs clear, and the stark reality of death and destruction stares one from every direction, everybody will regret; as war, especially civil war, benefits no one; and besides the loss of life and the material destruction, it degrades our humanity and leaves an indelible scars of animosity and bitterness in the hearts and souls of the belligerents. The last thing most Somalis need is another cycle of violence that deepens the wounds of the Somali nation. Enough is enough. No more war. Now is the time to reconcile and bid farewell the animalistic ambition of domination. Now is the time to act as rational human beings, to behave as responsible citizens, and to promote peace among the Somali people everywhere. Finally, we congratulate the Elders, Sultans, Women Leaders, and the religious Imams and scholars in Sool, who for the last twenty years have resolved problems in their region with wisdom and responsibility and have encouraged peaceful co-existence with their neighbors. We commend their foresight and their deep respect for the human life that they have shown once again. In the absence of an effective government in the country the Somali people are relying on their Traditional Leaders (Sultans, Akels, Garaads and so on) for guidance and leadership. Therefore, it should be noted that Sool’s Traditional Leaders, representing every segment/sub-clan of Sool, denounced and rejected the secessionists’ occupation of their capital in a clear and unequivocal language, as reflected in their widely publicized Boocame Declaration of November 23, 2007. ASSCà supports Sool’s Traditional Leaders’ demand for the immediate withdrawal of “Somaliland†militia from their clan territory, thus restoring peaceful neighbourly co-existence and co-operation among northern Somali clans. We hope that those who are beating the drums of war and who are trying to secure imaginary boundaries among the Somali people will heed the wisdom of the Somali poet, Ismail Mire, †Ragaw kibirka waa lagu kufaa kaa ha la ogaado.†(Pride and Arrogance come before a Fall). Long live the Somali Republic: United and Peaceful. For further information, please contact Hamid Mashaeye or Gamal Hassan at: againstsecession@yahoo.com AWDAL SOOL SANAAG COALITION AGAINST SECESSION (ASSCà S) is a grass-roots Somali advocacy organization dedicated to the preservation and safe-guarding of the unity and territorial integrity of our beloved country, the Somali Republic. Our membership hails mainly from the pro-unity anti-secessionist regions of Awdal, Sool, Sanaag, and Ayn of the Somali Republic. We invite Somali citizens both back home and in the diasporas to join us defend our country against those who, with the material and moral help of external forces, are aggressively working to dismember our country and create a chasm of mistrust and conflict among people bonded by ethnicity, language, religion, and shared centuries-old culture and traditions. Divided we are doomed; united we will surmount the challenges and by-pass the heinous traps laid for us! http://www.garoweonline.com

Originally posted by Koora-Tuunshe: When the Islamist lacks organization, hiararchy and a chain of command, it is impossible to check the discipline of his forces. Therefore, Abu-Mansur is faulted by saying he can set the standards of his forces or he can predict their actions. An important thing to note is that the Al-Shababs have proved to be archaic throwback to our moral values And what moral values shall we subscribe to? One that conditions one to Ethiopianism and stoogism? I wonder!

Lol@the sixir part. Ina Waraabe weligiiba wuu hadal adkaa. As a cameraman, I once had the opportunity to record him in Westminister Sq. while he welcomed Riyaale to the Commons. It was funny how jubilant he was, and what astounded me first and late turned out to be refreshing, was how he was expressing his hate-speech. Lol. 'Waar dee F*qashtu' this and that' ayunbuu ka kacay...and then after 15 minutes of the recording, he spoke to me and sensed a slight difference of my Somali dialect. Markaasuu shakiyey Lool. Waar kanina kumuu ahaa . It was an amusing encounter lol. Anyway, these verbal exchanges are nothing more than letting off some steam. Let's just hope that Siilaanyo and Waraabe come to their 'political' senses and tone down their aggressive rhetoric. Some layman may mistake them for the greenlight to spring into a regretable action. So long as these declarations remain verbal, I see no problem with them because these leaders are only using their democratic right to air their opinions. Wixii intaa dheer waa kheyra-masuulnimo.

This is NGONGE trying to get his blackbelt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV_m-fRVW_4

^China's something. They are not only giving rise to great cities but they also have a funny sense of homour I greatly love. Lol. 'High for a night, slow for a month' http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cO0YmE-_yRE

Walle waa mucjiso this gun-shot gangsterism. It's stalking our youth or are they stalking it?

As a friend use to say, 'it hoppens' .

^Lol. True me bro, I am sure as we talk about this nomadism, there is a Sahan somewhere eyeing up other 'better' places to move to. We don't stop at anything, do we? I think the things you say about those migrating to the UK is right. I meet these folks every day and you can't imagine how many countries in the EU they came from, simply to end congregating infront in Somali own businesses. I am starting to suspect that most men's reason for moving to the UK is to simply bond with their fellow football loving, qat-chewing men-folk . It's strange, really.

I thought I should post this biblio in this section; for the benefit of those who have access to study materials available in scholarly institutes. This may also be of some help to those undertaking a country study on Somalia or simply interested in knowing more about Somali issues. The bibliography below is not all up to date, but perhaps I'll peruse the net to add some more recent ones. PS: If there is anything you'd like to add to this bibliography; I am sure your efforts will be appreciated . ----- 'A general' Bibliography Abir, M. "Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa." Pages 537-77 in Richard Gray (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, 4: From c. 1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. Abdulqawi, A. Yusuf. "The Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897 and the Somali-Ethiopian Dispute," Horn of Africa, 3, No. 1, January-March 1980, 38-42. Beachey, R.W. "The Arms Trade in East Africa in the Late Nineteenth Century," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 3, No. 3, 1962, 451-67. Bell, J. Bowyer. The Horn of Africa: Strategic Magnet in the Seventies. New York: Crane, Russak for National Security Information Center, 1973. ------. "Strategic Implications of the Soviet Presence in Somalia," Orbis, 19, No. 2, Summer 1975, 402-11. Burton, Richard. First Footsteps in East Africa. (Ed., Gordon Waterfield.) (Travellers and Explorers Series.) New York: Praeger, 1966. Caroselli, Francesco S. Ferro e fuoco in Somalia. Rome: Sindicato Italiano Arti Grafichi, 1931. Cassanelli, Lee Vincent. "The Benaadir Past: Essays in Southern Somali History." (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1973.) Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 74-9171. ------. The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, 1982. Castagno, Alphonso A., Jr. "The Horn of Africa and the Competition for Power." Pages 155-80 in Albin J. Cottrell and R.M. Burrell (eds.), The Indian Ocean: Its Political, Economic, and Military Importance. New York: Praeger, 1972. ------. Somalia. (International Conciliation Series.) New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, March 1959. ------. "Somali Republic." Pages 512-59 in James S. Coleman and Carl G. Rosberg (eds.), Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. Castagno, Margaret. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1975. Cerulli, Enrico. Somalia: Scritti vari editi ed inediti. (3 vols.) Rome: Istituto Poligrafico della Stato, 1957-64. Chittick, Neville. "An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Southern Somali Coast," Azania [Nairobi], 4, 115-30. Clark, John D. The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Stone Age Cultural and Climatic Succession in the Somalilands and Eastern Parts of Abyssinia. (Occasional Publications of the Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 2.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954. Collins, Douglas. A Tear for Somalia. London: Jarrolds, 1960. Compagnon, Daniel. "The Somali Opposition Fronts: Some Comments and Questions," Horn of Africa, 13, Nos. 1-2, January- June 1990, 29-54. Contini, Paolo. The Somali Republic: An Experiment in Legal Integration. London: Cass, 1969. Doornbos, Martin R. "The Shehu and the Mullah: The Jehods of Usuman Dan Fodio and Muhammad Abd-Allah Hassan in Comparative Perspective," Acta Africana [Geneva], 14, No. 2, 1975, 7-31. Drysdale, John G. The Somali Dispute. New York: Praeger, 1964. Farer, Tom J. War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: A Crisis for Détente. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1976. FitzGibbons, Louis. The Betrayal of the Somalis. London: Collings, 1982. ------. The Evaded Duty. London: Collings, 1985. Gersony, Robert. "Why Somalis Flee: A Synthesis of Accounts of Conflict Experience in Northern Somalia by Somali Refugees, Displaced Persons, and Others." Washington: Department of State, 1989. Gorelick, Robert E. "Pan-Somali-ism v. Territorial Integrity," Horn of Africa, 3, No. 4, October-December 1980, 31- 36. Hancock, Graham. Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige and Corruption of International Aid Business. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989. Heine, Bernd. "Linguistic Evidence on the Early History of the Somali People." Pages 23-33 in Hussein M. Adam (ed.), Somalia and the World: Proceedings of the International Symposium. Mogadishu: National Printing Press, 1979. Henze, Paul B. The Horn of Africa: From War to Peace. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991. Hess, Robert L. Italian Colonialism in Somalia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966. ------. "The `Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 5, No. 3, 1964, 415-33. ------. "The Poor Man of God: Muhammed Abdullah Hassan." Pages 63- 108 in Norman R. Bennett (ed.), Leadership in Eastern Africa: Six Political Biographies. Boston: Boston University Press, 1968. Hoskyns, Catherine (ed.). The Ethiopia-Somalia-Kenya Dispute, 1960-67. (Case Studies in African Diplomacy, No. 2.) Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press, 1969. Jardine, Douglas J. The Mad Mullah of Somaliland. London: Jenkins, 1923. Reprint. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969. Karp, Mark. The Economics of Trusteeship in Somalia. (African Studies Program Series.) Boston: Boston University Press, 1960. Kebede, Yonas. "The Legal Aspect of the Ethiopian-Somali Dispute," Horn of Africa, 1, No. 1, January-March 1978, 26-31. Laitin, David D. Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977. ------. "Somalia's Military Government and Scientific Socialism." Pages 174-206 in Carl G. Rosberg and Thomas M. Callaghy (eds.), Socialism in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Assessment. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California Press, 1979. ------. "The War in the ******: Implications for Siyaad's Role in Somali History," Journal of Modern African Studies [Cambridge], 17, No. 1, March 1979, 95-115. Laitin, David D., and Said S. Samatar. Somalia: Nation in Search of a State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987. Laurence, Margaret. The Prophet's Camel Bell. New York: Macmillan, 1963. Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents. (Annuals 1978-1979 through 1990-1991.) New York: Africana, 1980-92. Legum, Colin, and Bill Lee. The Horn of Africa in Continuing Crisis. New York: Africana, 1979. Lewis, Herbert S. "The Origins of the Galla and Somali," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 7, No. 1, 1966, 27-46. Lewis, I.M. "Conformity and Contrast in Somali Islam." Pages 240-52 in I.M. Lewis (ed.), Islam in Tropical Africa. (2d ed.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. ------. "Dualism in Somalian Notions of Power," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland [London], 93, Pt. 1, January-June 1963, 109-16. ------. "From Nomadism to Cultivation: The Expansion of Political Solidarity in Southern Somalia." Pages 59-78 in Mary Douglas and Phyllis M. Kaberry (eds.), Man in Africa. London: Tavistock, 1969. ------. "Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure." Journal of African History [Cambridge], 3, No. 1, 1962, 35-48. ------. "In the Land of the Mad Mullah." Sunday Times [London], August 30, 1992, 8-9. ------. A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. (Rev. ed.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988. ------. "Modern Political Movements in Somaliland, I," Africa [London], 28, No. 3, July 1958, 244-61. ------. "Modern Political Movements in Somaliland, II," Africa [London], 28, No. 4, October 1958, 344-63. ------. "The Nation, State, and Politics in Somalia." Pages 285-306 in David R. Smock and Kwamena Bensi-Entchill (eds.), The Search for National Integration in Africa. New York: Free Press, 1975. ------. "Nationalism and Particularism in Somalia." Pages 339-62 in P.H. Gulliver (ed.), Tradition and Transition in East Africa: Studies of the Tribal Element in the Modern Era. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. ------. A Pastoral Democracy. London: Oxford University Press, 1961. ------. Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho. (Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Northeastern Africa, Pt. 1.) London: International African Institute, 1955. Reprint. London: International African Institute, 1969. ------. "The Problem of the Northern Frontier District of Kenya," Race [London], 5, No. 1, July 1963, 48-60. ------. "Shaikhs and Warriors in Somaliland." Pages 204-23 in M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen (eds.), African Systems of Thought. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. ------. "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 1, No. 2, 1960, 213-29. Lytton, Lord. The Stolen Desert. London: Macdonald, 1966. Marcus, Harold G. The Modern History of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa: A Select and Annotated Bibliography. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1972. Martin, Brad G. Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth Century Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Mesfin Wolde-Mariam. Somalia: The Problem Child of Africa. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, 1977. Monroe, Elizabeth, and Jones, A.H.M. A History of Abyssinia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935. Pankhurst, E. Sylvia. Ex-Italian Somaliland. New York: Philosophical Library, 1951. Payton, Gary D. "The Somali Coup of 1969: The Case for Soviet Complicity," Journal of Modern African Studies [Cambridge], 18, No. 3, September 1980, 493-508. Pestalozza, Luigi. The Somalian Revolution. (Trans., Peter Clendening.) Paris: Editions Afrique, Asie, Amérique Latine, 1974. Pothholm, Christian P. Four African Political Systems. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1970. Potter, Pitman B. The Wal Arbitration. (Monograph Series, Division of International Law, No. 3.) Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938. Reisman, W. Michael. "The Case of Western Somaliland: An International Legal Perspective," Horn of Africa, 1, No. 3, July-September 1978, 13-22. Rennell, Francis James. British Military Administration of Occupied Territories in Africa During the Years 1941- 1947. London: HMSO, 1948. Rivlin, Benjamin. The United Nations and Italian Colonies. (United Nations Action, Case Histories, No. 1.) New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1950. Rubenson, Sven. "The Genesis of the Ethio-Somali Conflict." Pages 641-57 in Robert L. Hess (ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1980. Samatar, Said S. "How to Run an SNM Gauntlet," Horn of Africa, 13, Nos. 1-2, April-June 1990, 78-87. ------. "How to Save Somalia," Washington Post, December 1, 1992, A19. ------. Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad Abdille Hasan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. ------. Somalia: A Nation in Turmoil. London: Minority Rights Group Report, 1991. ------. "The Somali Dilemma: Nation in Search of a State." Pages 155-94 in Anthony I. Asiwaju (ed.), Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations Across Africa's International Boundaries, 1884-1984. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Silberman, Leo. "The `Mad' Mullah: Hero of Somali Nationalism," History Today [London], 10, No. 8, August 1960, 523- 34. ------. "Why the Haud Was Ceded," Cahiers d'études africaines [Paris], 2, No. 1, 1961, 37-83. Somalia. The Portion of Somali Territory under Ethiopian Colonization. Mogadishu: Government Publications, June 1974. Taddesse, Tamrat. "Ethiopia, the Red Sea, and the Horn." Pages 99- 182 in Richard Oliver (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, 3: From c. 1050 to c. 1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. Djibouti and the Horn of Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968. Touval, Saadia. Somali Nationalism: International Politics and the Drive for Unity in the Horn of Africa. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963. Turton, E.R. "Bantu, Galla, and Somali Migrations in the Horn of Africa: A Reassessment of the Juba-Tana Area," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 16, No. 4, 1975, 519-37. ------. "The Impact of Mohammad Abdille Hassan in the East Africa Protectorate," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 10, No. 4, 1969, 641-57. ------. "The **** Somali Diaspora and Poll-Tax Agitation in Kenya, 1936-41," African Affairs [London], 73, July 1974, 325-46. ------. "Kirk and the Egyptian Invasion of Africa in 1875: A Reassessment," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 11, No. 3, 1970, 355-70. ------. "Somali Resistance to Colonial Rule and the Development of Somali Political Activity in Kenya, 1893-1960," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 13, No. 1, 1972, 119-43. ------ Adam, H. M., & Geshekter, C. L. (Eds.), 1992 Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of Somali Studies. Atlanta: Scholars Press. 75 scholarly papers that include legal studies, history, linguistics, literature, development studies, and the natural sciences. Andrzejewski, B. W., with Andrzejewski, S., 1993 Somali Poetry. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Extensive collection of traditional and modern Somali poetry. Andrzejewski, B. W., & Lewis, I. M., 1964 Somali Poetry: An Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Evaluation of Somali poetic forms, with many examples, by a preeminent linguist and anthropologist. Cassanelli, L. V., 1982 The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. A thorough overview of Southern Somali history by a leading scholar. Farah, N., [1979] 1992 Sweet and Sour Milk. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press. [1981] 1992 Sardines. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press. [1983] 1992 Close Sesame. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press. A trilogy of novels providing excellent background on Somali culture and politics. Farer, T., 1979 War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: The Widening Storm. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. A guide to the history of the Horn from the colonial era through the bloody conflicts of the 1970s, with recommendations for policymakers. International Labour Office, 1989 Generating Employment and Incomes in Somalia. Addis Ababa: JASPA. Comprehensive investigation of the rural economy, urban informal sector, women's employment, and education needs. Five technical papers examine private opulence amidst public poverty in Somalia. Jamal, V., 1988 Somalia: Survival in a 'Doomed' Economy. International Labour Review, 127(6), 783-812. Brilliant revisionist analysis of the Somali economy. Shows how previous studies underestimated the production, caloric, and nutritional value of milk (vital in a nomadic economy) and neglected remitted earnings from Somalis working abroad. Laitin, D. D., & Samatar, S. S., 1987 Somalia: Nation in Search of a State. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. An historical and political analysis of Somalia which examines the root causes to the conflict in the Horn of Africa. Lewis, I. M., 1961/1982 A Pastoral Democracy. New York: Africana. The classic anthropological study of Somali culture focusing on the northern pastoral clans. Lewis, I. M., 1988 Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Standard history of the Somali people by the leading social anthropologist. Covers prehistory to modern period with emphasis on political development and social change. Loughran, K. S., et al. (Eds.), 1986 Somalia in Word and Image. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Authoritative essays on poetry, architecture, handicrafts, jewelry, and nomadic lifestyles. Contains numerous color photographs. Massey, G., 1987 Subsistence and Change: Lessons of Agropastoralism in Somalia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Written from a sociological perspective, this book examines the production system of Digil and ********* living in the Baay Region in southern Somalia. Nelson, H. D. (Ed.), 1982 Somalia: A Country Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Government. Provides a general overview of Somali history, economy, and society. Putman, D. B., 1985 A Cultural Interpretation of Development: Developers, Values and Agricultural Change in the Somali Context. Isku Kalsoonaan Baa Horumar Lagu Gaaraa (Trust Leads to Success) (Ph.D. dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, 1984) Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. 85. Case study materials from the Baay Region illustrate the perils of development programs which fail to fully understand the local production systems. Samatar, Ahmed I., 1988 Socialist Somalia: Rhetoric and Reality. New York: Zed Press. Devastating critique of the Siyaad Barre years that provides important background material on the political anarchy and cultural disintegration of the early 1990s. Samatar, Abdi I., 1989 The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884-1986. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Shows how colonial governments transformed rural production and social relations in northern Somalia, increasing wealth for some but undermining traditional methods of conflict resolution and ethical behavior. Sheik-Abdi, A., 1993 Divine Madness: Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, 1856-1920. London: Zed Press. Far-ranging treatment by a Somali historian of the Somali Dervish Wars of resistance led by the so-called "Mad Mullah." ----- Here's another LINK to another biblio ----- Somali Customary Law and Society Ayittey, George B.N. Indigenous African institutions. Ardsley-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1991. Bader, Christian. Le Sang et le Sait: Breve Histoire des Clans Somali. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1999. Bayart, Jean-Francois. L'Etat en Afrique. Paris: Fayard, 1989. Bigwood, Bryce. "Ancap Mog: So Close Yet so Far." Anti-State.com, 2002 Brons, Maria H. Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? Utrecht: International Books, 2001. Burale, Ahmed Sheikh ‘Ali Ahmed. Xeerkii Soomaalidii Hore. Mogadishu: Akadeemiyaha Dhaqanka, 1977. Burton, Richard. (1856) First Footsteps in East Africa Dover Publications, 1987. Casanelli, Lee V. The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982. Cerulli, Enrico. "Il Diritto Consetudinario della Somalia Italiana Settentrionale." Bolettinodella Società Africana d’Italia anno xxxviii (1919). Naples. Colucci, Massimo. Principi di Diritto Consuetudinario della Somalia ItalianaMeridionale. Firenze, 1924. Compagnon, Daniel. "Somalia: Les limites de l'ingerance 'humanitaire.'" LÉchec politique de l'ONU in Afrique Politique (1995): 195-196. Davidson, Jim. Personal communication to Spencer H. MacCallum, 2003. Drysdale, J.G.S. "Some Aspects of Rural Society Today." The Somaliland Journal (1955). Horner, Simon. "Somalia: A Country Report," APC-EU Courier (Commission of the European Communities in Brussels) no. 162 (March-April 1998). Iye, Ali Musse. “Le Verdict de L'Arbre, Le Xeer Issa, Etude d'une Democratie Pastorale.” Djibouti: n.p., 1990. Kapteyns, L. "Gender Relations," The International Journal of African History (1995). Langley, J. Ayo, ed. Ideologies of Liberation in Black Africa, 1856-1970. London: Rex Collins, 1979. Lewis, I.M. A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. Oxford University Press, 1961. Lewis, I.M. "Lineage Continuity and Modern Commerce in Northern Somaliland." In Bohannan, Paul and George Dalton, eds. Markets in Africa. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1962. Lewis, I.M. Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997. Little, Peter D. Somalia: Economy Without State. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003. Mirreh, Abdi Gaileh. Die Sozialökonomischen Verhaltnisse der Nomadischen Bevölkerung im Norden der Demokratischen Republik Somalia. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1978. Mohamed Mohamed Shiekh. "Does Somalia Really Need a Government?" (Signed editorial). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Sun (August 28, 1997). Noor Muhammad. "Civil Wrongs under Customary Law in the Northern Regions of the Somali Republic," Journal of African Law 8, no. 3 (1967): 157-177. Noor Muhammad. The legal system of the Somali Democratic Republic. [Pages 70-88, 115-119, 287-288]. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1972. Pirone, M. "Leggende e Traditioni Storiche dei Somali ******." Archivio per l’Antropologia e l' Etnología LXXXIV (1954). Florence. Samatar, Abdi Ismail and Ahmed I. Samatar. The African State: Reconsiderations. Westport, CT: Heinemann, 2002. Simons, Anna M. "A Somali Alternative to Chaos." Los Angeles Times, July 9, 1997. Sorens, Jason P. and Leonard Wantchekon. Social Order without the State: The Case of Somalia. Working paper, Council on African Studies. New Haven: Yale Center for International and Area Studies, 2000. Van Notten, Michael. "From Nation State to Stateless Nation." Liberty 17, no. 4 (April 2003): 27-32. Van Notten, Michael. 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Economisch Statische Berichten (March-April 1983). Van Notten, Michael. "Foretakssoner mot Byrakrati, Ideer om Frihet." Norvegian Magazine (February 1984). Van Notten, Michael. "Make Governments Compete for People." Economic Affairs (July 1984). Van Notten, Michael and Richard Bolin. "The Case for Export Processing Zones."The Wall Street Journal, European Edition, October 24, 1986. Wignall, Christian. “The Champion of Hong Kong’s Freedom.” Unpublished paper available from the author at cwignall@pacbell.net. 2003. Wooldridge, William C. Uncle Sam, the Monopoly Man, Chapter 5, "Voluntary Justice." New Rochelle NY: Arlington House, 1970.

Idan Alle, Guusha inagaa iska leh. Libintu inageey inoo dambeysaa. Amin, Allahayoow.

^Inanta yari ereyadeeduu uurka ila damqaday. Alloow sahal umuuraha, oo umaddaada u maciin. Amiin.

A poem... moving...touching...painful

Lol. Xoogsade, don't you worry my dear comrade. Any minute I sense a 'slipping' away feeling, I'll simply turn the blessed gun to my brain and put it out of its misery . We're in this together; to the end of the road - for Somali liberty and freedom.

^Lol. Iska daa inanta . You bet I would. Marry a white sister. Any day.

^Emperor, you have asked many salient questions sxb, and somehow, although you are sitting on the other side of the fence, I can understand your frustration. That is, hoping if you are expressing your protestations against Al-Shabaab as a concerned Somali, rather than a TFG sympathizer. But all in all, most of the accusations you level against Al-Shabaab aren't all true. The said killings of innocents are mostly fabricated propagandist stories, and even when such accusations are true, the perpetrators are a handful of hot-headed boys, who are only eager with the use of their guns. They in no way represent the collective movement of Al-Shabaab. On your hypothetical questions of what next for Al-Shabaab after successfully liberating Somalia , or the chain of command and Al-Shabaab's leadership, the only thing I can tell you is this: first, Al-Shabaab's main objective happens to be only liberation and their talk of future trans-global operations can only be concluded to be rhetoric to bring new recruits on board. Remember most of the youth that joint Al-Shabaab do so in the name of Islam, and so appealing in the name of Islam for mobilizing the mass is a good selling pitch. I totally doubt Al-Shabaab members are truly thinking of getting involved in operations outside Somalia; their only involvement, I believe, would remain verbal and nothing more. After all, this movement is nationally and not internationally focused. You can disregard the odd sound bites that its leaders produce, which always come out right after a US involvement in Somalia in the name of 'war on terror'. At other times, you won't hear similar sound bites; these are sound bites meant to agitate the USA for its war against Muslims. On leadership, yes Al-Shabaab has leaders and due to their decentralized chain of command and power, the movement's operations clearly have its directors and planners. The other thing is spiritual leaders; I am sure Al-Shabaab has its own spiritual figures, although we might not know of them currently. PS: Good to see you active again in this section. You should post more posts like the one above. Such posts reveal more of your current opinions that I would like to debate with. I remember debating with you in person; that was more fun. Perhaps I'll check on you soon... PPS: It's not too late to change your mind, you know .

Originally posted by Socod_badne: You can't seriously expect us to trust what Dayniile.com writes. Wasn't Dayniile.com the same website that wrote last year that Ethiopian soldier committed suicide by shooting himself in the head five times? Lol. That story makes me laugh every time I remember it. By the way, the website that brought us that classic comedy sketch wasn't Dayniile.com, it was Waagacusub. Back to the topic; about this story, I don't know whether to believe it or not, but it doesn't sound like something Yey would say. Although I oppose the old man bitterly, I think I'll give him a bit more credit in this instance. I don't think he would make such a fatal error as to utter the above words. But who knows? Perhaps he did utter those things thinking he can manipulate the situation to his advantage; to turn one clan against another and try to cripple recent surge in recruits for Al-Shabaab, particularly from M. Dheere's clan. Somali politics is a weird thing, and I guess anything is possible from the very people who sold their soul and nation, to the Amxaaro's nickel and dime, and the short term gains it buys.

Al-Shabaab Dilemma? I don’t know about that comrade T. For once, let me lay it down for you with clarity. Here’s the scenario: unlawful war was brought upon you. Your people have been systematically massacred; your country’s property destroyed; your national sovereignty assaulted and raped beyond reconcilable stage. Borne from such a condition, only two options become available to you: to either confront illegal force with your fierce force or fall down on your knees and cry like a little girl and beg for mercy from mercenaries. Now, I put to you these two options, which one would you take? For me, I take the first option in line with Al-Shabaab, however much they stand criticized. The Al-Shabaab approach coupled with their stated ideology is a man’s resort in times of great strife, and has tremendously come into fruition. I mean, what would the second option garner other than encouraging a man whose home is occupied to sit on his hands and do nothing? Which would mean accept occupation and become submissive. Sxb, I’ll impart to you one sound advice: in the face of an absolute and overwhelming force, defiance is the only viable choice. At least that way you’ll die an honourable death. On one hand they fight courageously against the Ethiopian occupation. On the other hand they indiscriminately attack civilians and other AU troops. On the first sentence, hell yes, you are absolutely correct, but on the second sentence, I think you are missing the whole point relating to the nature of the kind resistance Al-Shabaab is engaged in. Look my dear brother, I am asking you a question in all sincerity: how on earth do you first deal with an illegally occupying army shelling your people from military camps located right in the middle of neighborhoods? How I ask you? In addition to that, this is an army that, with or without provocation, is shelling civilian neighborhoods. Are you going to tell me that the Tigray and their stooge TFG could not afford to base their personnel outside populated areas and are therefore justified to operate from with civil settlements? I am 100% sure that if these vulture armies were based outside civilian areas, Al-Shabaab would certainly seek them out wherever they are. The initial reason of settling these so-called armies in places of close proximity to civilians, was simply shell and then cry foul when punishments are exacted on them. Punishment for massacring innocent civilians whom Al-Shabaab stands to protect. There isn’t one single incident in which Al-Shabaab has indiscriminately maimed or killed innocent civilians; their targets were always against military personnel or hardware. All these talk of indiscriminate killings is simply not true; its an Ethiopian ploy to demean those who rightly stand to fight for what is their God-given freedom. They are not affiliated with Sheikh Sharif’s group and they do not have points or ideologies that one can negotiate with. First, let me make one thing clear: as brother Kashafa has already mentioned, there isn’t that big a rift between the ARS and Al-Shabaab. ARS is a civilian wing of what is a national campaign of liberation. While ARS is rather more like the Sein Fein , Al-Shabaab is the IRA , and has every right to use any method deemed effective to the liberation of our nation. The other thing is, contrary to the ‘rift’ people keep mentioning, do you know that Al-Shabaab’s finances are made available to them by ARS sympathizers in the Diaspora? If the rift some talk about is real and divisive, why then is there such a financial link still in existence? On more thing to add to this is that, if negotiations are considered, Al-Shabaab has the primary right to claim that only they are in a position to commence negotiations. After all, it is they who are biting the bullet and not the ARS. That fact should be borne in your mind brother. I believe Al Shabaab is and will be the next biggest (fitna) for Somalia. Oh no, brother. You got that wrong. Al-Shabaab is and will be the Naseexo of our country. And you should not make the mistake of using the word ‘fitna’ on them at any given time. Capisci?

^It hurts, isn't it? Just accept it .. Illeen waa anagiiye lol.

You're sulking? [edit] I take back my last comment Liv 3 - Ars 2 waheeey!

Yeah..penalty

^^I won't take language coming from a lady... recant!