Nassir thanks, that was indeed a good read and those who undertsand the past will master the future.

Kenadeed's legacy seems to be a bitter one at least reading the nonsense of Mr Sabriye. The fact that the Suldan managed to conquor the region and hold it for nearly 50 years is telling. Also the fact that Hobyo was one of the largest and most thriving cities in all of Somalia at that time must also be noted. Today it is no more than a village.

In 1878 Hobyo's glory attracted a young rebellious and ambitious man named Ali Yusuf and approached peacefully to local headmen and elders of the local people. The man and his army built a fort and secretly smuggled in guns. After a short time, Ali Yusuf attacked the local tribesmen and pronounced the Sultanate ofin Hobyo.The sultanate was captured and pensioned off to Mogadishu in 1925 (4: 71). Since the fall of the Sultanate to the Italian colonial power, the town lost its historical roles, and started gradual declination. The Italians and the Somali governments after independence all marginalized the town, forgot its ancient history and neglected it. Caught in a declining and sinking town, the people had to emigrate to elsewhere in search for jobs and life. The centralized administration, and concentration of wealth and opportunities in the capital city made the people to flow out m

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War deg deg ah: “ Cid dhiibtay ma jirto nin udhashay Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya, dadkii faafiyay warkaas waa been cad, waxa ayna doonayaan Sumcada darada Puntland in ay ka shaqeeyaan” Sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan dawladda Puntland. 28. oktober 2009 APL Tool Send This Article To A Friend By Email | Saaxiibkaa warkaan ugu *** Email Print This Article | Daabaco warkaan Garowe(AllPuntland)- AllPuntland oo raadin dheer ugashay xaqiijinta warka sheegaya in dad udhashay Ismaamulka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, loo gacan galiyey dawladda Itoobiya ayaa heshay warar hoosaadyo ka soo baxay Aqalka Madaxtooyada Puntland ee Garowe. Xaafiiska Madaxweynaha Puntland ayuu ka soo xigtay AllPuntland in aysan waxba ka jirin arrimahaasi, waxaana Madaxda dawladda Puntland oo ku sugan magaalooyinka Boosaaso iyo Garowe ay qireen in aysan waxba ka jirin in ninkaasi loo dhiibin dawladda Itoobiya oo dagaal kula jirta Jamhada ONLF. Laamaha baaritaanada ku sameeya dadka noocaan oo kale ah ama laga shakisan yahay oo ay sidoo kale la xariirtay APL ayaa sheegay in uu jiro, warka ah qabashada Shan nin, balse ay dawladda Puntland uqabatay nimankaasi in ay baaritaan mariso. Sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan Laanta barista dambiyada dadka lugu tuhunsan yahay ayaa xaqiijiyey in ay meel gaar ah ku hayaan ninka lasheegay in dawlada Itoobiya loo dhiibay, isla markaasna ay Madaxda baritaanadu ay su’aalo ninkaasi ku weydiinayaan gudaha dekeda weyn ee magaalada Boosaaso. Aqalka Madaxtooyada ayaa looga xaqiijiyey AllPuntland.com in lugu soo wargaliyey, madaxda Madaxtooyada Puntland in aysan waxba ka jirin arrimahaasi, markii ay Aqalka Madaxtooyada ku soo dhaceen fariimo uga imaanaya Saaxiibada Puntland iyo taageerayaashiisa oo ku aadan jiritaanka warkaasi. Madaxda Booliska Puntland iyo ciidamada Sirdoonka ayaa si wada-jir ah ugu sheegay APL in aysan waxba ka jirin dad lo dhiibay dawladda Itoobiya, waxa ayna sheegeen in ay guud ahaan hayaan dadka lasheegay in lasoo qabtay, hadana ay ku hayaan baaritaano ayna taasi waajib ku tahay ciidamada amaanka, oo ay Shaqadooda tahay arrintaasi. Saacadaha nagu soo aadan ayay sheegeen dad ka tirsan dawladda Puntland in ay qaban doonaan Shir jaraa’id oo ay ka qeybgalayaan Saxaafada, isla markaasna looga hadlayo warkaas iyo sida ay wax uga jiraan. “ Cid dhiibtay ma jirto nin udhashay Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya, dadkii faafiyay warkaas waa been cad, waxa ayna doonayaan Sumcada darada Puntland in ay ka shaqeeyaan, ma garan karo waxa laga rabo khilaf laga dhex abuuro Bulshada wada dhalatay, waan maqlay saacadihii ugu dambeeyey, warar ay faafinayeen Saxaafada oo dhan ayna lahaayeen Puntland ayaa dad dhiibtay, taasina waxa ay ila tahay waa wax laga xumaado, in nala ka hubiyo ayaa wanaagsan” Ayuu yiri Sarkaal sare oo ka gaabsaday magaciisa, isla markaasna ka tirsan Baarayaasha kiisaska dadkan. Itoobiya & Puntland ayaa siyaasiin lasoo xariiray APL ay usheegeen in uusan wanaagsaneyn xiriirka wada shaqeyn ee ka dhaxeeya, tan iyo markii ay dawladda Itoobiya ciidamadeeda sirdoonka oo huebysan ay galeen gudaha magaalada Gaalkacyo oo ay dad ku laayeen qaarna kala tageen, taasoo noqotay mid caro ku beertay Madaxda dawladda Puntland ugu sareysa, keentayna in Itoobiya loo diro warqad deg deg ah oo ku saabsan arrimahaasi, balse jawaabta ay Itoobiya soo bixisay ayaan la garan Karin, ayadoo ay wararku sheegayaan in badalaad lugu sameeyey Sarkaalkii Itoobiya ujoogay Puntland. F. C. Maxamed AllPuntland

^^^ The Economist always gets it wrong when it comes to Somalia they can make up what ever they think will please thier western readers.

I accuse no one, also all Somali's regardless if they are in Djibouti or the republic or in The Diaspora would like to see their fellow kin live in a better situation. Our collective failure should not discourage us from opening our eyes to the truth. A fellow here was speaking about the glory of 77, Which is nonsicap to say the least. It's glorious to live and to develop ones country. It's time the people of Western Somalia thought about the big picture and worked owards owning their land and building deep roots and institutions. We in the republic have seen the promise of fake liberation movements and have tasted the bitter fruits of fake religious groups. No it's time to build the Somali nation region and state at a time, no more conflict. I hope our brothers find peace.

Marwo Caasha Geelle oo la kulantay madaxda hay'ada Qaxootiga America, ARC. Minneapolis, Oct 28 - Wasiirka horumarinta haweenka & arrimaha qoyska Marwo Caasha Geelle Diriye oo safar hawleed dhawr todobaad ah ku joogta Minnesota ayaa maanta kulan la yeelatay madaxada hay'ada Qaxoogisa America, ARC ee fadhigeedu yahay Minneapolis. Kulanka oo ahaa mid xog waraysi labada dhinac ah ayaa Marwo Caasha ay ugu horayntii dulmar guud ka bixisay sib-badelada iyo horumarka siyaasadeed ee Puntland, tadawurka iyo heerarka kala duwan ee ay soo martay, qorshe hawleedka siyaasadeed ee dawlada ee 5-ta sano ee soo socota, iyo siyaasada Puntland ee ku aadan daryeelka muhaajiriinta iyo barakacayaasha ka soo haajiray gobollada Bartmaha & Koonfurta Somaliya ee muddo ku sugnaa gobollada Puntland. Wasiirka oo ka hadashay muhaajiriinta loo yaqaan 'IDP - internally displace persons' ee ku sugan Puntland ayaa ay sheegtay in qiyaastii ay dhan yihiin illaa 400,000 oo u badan dad danyar ah, una badan dumar iyo caruur, oo u yimid Puntland in ay ka badbaadaan dagaalada aafeeyey Koonfurta Somaliya, isla markaana ay nolol ka samaystaan Puntland. Marwo Caasha waxaa ay sheegtay in muhaajiriintu ay la kulmaan dhibaatooyin badan oo isugu dhafan kuwa bulsho, dhaqaale, iyo nololeed oo ay adag tahay sida ay sheegtay in dawlada Puntland ay ****osha dhammaan baahiyaha muhaajiriinta ku sugan Puntland.

^^^ Puntlanad Adeer and not Bari, that's just one of the regions Of the beloved state and no she is not from down under. Casha is a wonderful lady may Allah reward her hard work for the state, she did a great deal in settling the stand off in the elections.

^^^we await the answers from a few supporters of Galmudug including our Cowke or as he is sometimes known as Juje, Abwan, and the new guys. How did this single man's action impact on the relationship between the communities?

^^^Yup the PIS will make sure things stay quite. We dont want our "elders" murdered , like that man who went to Ethiopia and came to Kismayu who got killed with his nephew by the fake wadaads that you lap dance for & all you could do was cry loudly on Gedonet.com. We dont want that.

One of Sultan Ali Yusuf's commanders, Omar Samatar, attacked and captured El-Bur on 9 November. The local populace sided with Omar, and soon enough the Italians had a full scale revolution on their hands after Omar followed up his previous success with the capture of El-Dhere. The Corpo Zaptié tried and failed to recapture El-Bur from Omar. By 15 November the Italians had fled to Bud Bud, ambushed by partisans the whole way and rather diminished in forces and resolve. A third attempt was planned, but before it could be executed the commander of the operation, Lieutenant-Colonel Splendorelli, was ambushed and killed between Bud Bud and Bula Barde. Italian morale hit rock bottom, and Hobyo seemed a lost cause as Omar stood poised to reconquer Hobyo itself. In an attempt to salvage the situation, governor De Vecchi requested two battalions from Eritrea and assumed personal command. The rebellion soon spilled over the borders into the Benadir and Western Somaliland, and Omar grew increasingly powerful. The disaster in Hobyo shocked Italian policymakers in Rome. It was the Adwa fiasco of the First Italo–Ethiopian War all over again, and Italy's plans for East Africa were unraveling before their very eyes. Blame soon fell on Governor De Vecchi, whose perceived incompetence was blamed for Omar's rise. Rome instructed De Vecchi that he was to receive the reinforcement from Eritrea, but that the commander of the Eritrean battalions was to assume the military command and De Vecchi was confined to Mogadishu and limited to an administrative role. The commander was to report directly to Rome, bypassing De Vecchi entirely.

Originally posted by Abwaan: These wadaado should know that they will be next in line iyo in iyagana Itoobiyaanka loo dhiibi doono haddii aysan wakhtigan ka dhiidhiyin in dad Soomaaliyeed si xaq-darro ah dalka Soomaaliyeed looga celiyo loona celiyo Itoobiyaan aan u naxayn! Yup these Wadaads's are less fortunate than the 45 Somali's who got killed in the Bakara the other day, and the 75 that were wounded. Yup they need to fight and destroy their homes like those that ABWAN supported and funded. Again sorry this is Puntland adeer, we dont buy such bull.. Try again.

Portrait of Sultan Yusuf Ali Keenadiid in the late 1800s. Yusuf Ali was master of Hobyo which inluded all of what is Mudug and parts of Galgaduud. His greatest Generals included Omar Samatar, Gode-Gode, Gusha & lesse extent Ali Sharmarke father of late President Abdirishid & grandfather of Omar, present PM. Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud's sultanate was nearly destroyed in the middle of the nineteenth century by a power struggle between him and his young, ambitious cousin, Keenadiid. Nearly five years of destructive civil war passed before Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud managed to stave off the challenge of the young upstart, who was finally driven into exile in Arabia. A decade later, in the 1870s, Keenadiid returned from Arabia with a score of Hadhrami musketeers and a band of devoted lieutenants. With their help, he carved out the small kingdom of Hobyo after conquering the local ****** clans. Both kingdoms, however, were gradually absorbed by the extension into southern Somalia of Italian colonial rule in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Yusuf Ali's expansionist plans were thwarted. Hobyo's borders at that time then constituted the territory from El-Dhere through to Dusa-Mareb in the south-west, from Galladi to Galkacyo in the west, from Jerriban to Garad in the north-east, and the Indian Ocean in the east. The question I pose today is what effect has the conquest and rule of the House of Kenadeed had on the current political situation in Somalia? Does the rivelry and clan bitterness of the local clans of what is Galmudug & parts of Galgaduud today towards the general clans and politicians of Puntland stem from the actions of this historic figure.

The Ethiopian–Adal War was a military conflict between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate from 1529 until 1543. The Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (nicknamed Gurey in Somali and Gragn in Amharic (ግራኝ Graññ), both meaning "the left-handed") came close to extinguishing the ancient realm of Ethiopia, and converting all of its subjects to Islam; the intervention of the European Cristóvão da Gama, son of the famous navigator Vasco da Gama, helped to prevent this outcome. However, both polities exhausted their resources and manpower in this conflict, allowing the northward migration of the Oromo into their present homelands to the north and west of Addis Ababa.[1] Many historians trace the origins of hostility between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.[2] Some historians also argue that this conflict proved, through their use on both sides, the value of firearms such as the matchlock musket, cannons, and the arquebus over traditional weapons.[citation needed]

ONLF a failure of a community The rebel movement for the liberation of the Somali state which is part of Ethiopia have failed thus far in their quest to get independence. Aside from a few hit and run attacks, this groups major achievement has been to create clan as well as religious tensions within the stable regions of the Somali republic notably Puntland & Somaliland. Who’s fault is it that their leaders are unknown, their mission misunderstood and that a large segment of their population and clan are supporting the “occupation” and are members of the Ethiopian state? In my humble opinion this group much like our brothers in the south of Somalia have failed because there is no coherent strategy aimed at bettering the lives of the ordinary person in the region. Its time for this comunity to stop waving flags, singing songs and holding concerts in the Diaspoara and start an honest dialogue towards unity. Should they be part of Ethiopia and take their share of the pie disarm these groups and integrate them into the local police and security forces? Should they all become rebels and fight? Its time to stop blaming others for the complete failure of leadership of this group.

Originally posted by Cowke: You just said, habashi did return? what success are you talking about, when you successfully win a battle the enemy doesn't return i the society is transformed to the conquerer desires. First of all did you not state before that you were finished? Two important points here, Habashi rule returned hundreds of years after the death of the Great Imaam. Second Imaam Ahmed not only one battles, but he destroyed the fabric of Abyssinian society, He killed their Emperor, decimated the royal blood line, destroyed their churches and fundamentally transformed the society. You are talking about battles this man changed the mindset of these people forever. Now lets continue the study. The destruction of Amhara & demise of Emperor Dawit In the campaigns that followed, Ahmad's followers destroyed churches, monasteries, and converted Christians at the point of spear. In April 1533, Ahmad once again assembled his troops at Dabra Berhan to conquer—or at least ravage—the northern regions of Tigray, Begemder, and Gojjam. Both Ethiopia and Dawit suffered heavily from these assaults. The monastery of Debre Libanos was burned,[5] and the establishments on the islands of Lake Tana looted.[6] Dawit's eldest son Fiqtor was killed at Zara in Wag by a lieutenant of Ahmad on April 7, 1537; another son, Menas, was captured on May 19, 1539, and later sent to Yemen. Amba Geshen fell to another assault in January, 1540, the royal prisoners interred there were slaughtered with their guards and the royal treasury looted. During the years that he lived as an outlaw in his own realm, Dawit came to see Queen Eleni's wisdom in reaching out to Europe for help, and he dispatched John Bermudez, who had arrived in Ethiopia with Dom Rodrigo de Lima, to ask for it once again. However, this help in the form of Cristóvão da Gama and his picked troop of 400 did not reach Ethiopia until after Dawit was killed in battle near Debre Damo, 2 September 1540. Ethiopian historian on the effect of Imaam Ahmed Ibrahim The Ethiopian historian Taddesse Tamrat writes, "The Muslim occupation of the Christian highlands under Ahmad Gragn lasted for little more than ten years, between 1531 and 1543. But the amount of destruction brought about in these years can only be estimated in terms of centuries." [7

Originally posted by Allamagan: Sheeko baraleey! These are words, just words, they need to swing into action. Yup the Wadaads need to behead Bare Hiiraale and execute clan criminals. Oops I thought we were talking about Kismayu where that takes place. This is Puntland no such disorder will happen or the PIS will get you.

^^^lool. You need to figure out who you are before you even play in the game.

Originally posted by Cowke: Duke, my last smashing point to you. Does ethiopia muslim lead the country? Do Ahmed Gurey followers have any effect on the people today? I don't see muslim leader in Ethiopia, maybe you do lol but in reality there isn't. What nonsense, adeer yes Habashi’s did return to power after 200 years after the Imaam’s death. Its like saying that Tariq Bin Ziyad was defeated since today Spain is ruled by the Catholics? That’s your argument, you have none. The lasting effect of Imaam Ahmeds’s successful campaign is the demographics of Ethiopia today, the majority of the population are Muslim. The largest regions of the state are Somali, Oromo and even the Afar state is huge

^^^Well if it aint Hiiraale's spokesman on SOL, adeer dont try to be smart we know who supported roadblocks in Kismayu.

Considered the patron saint of Harar, Mujahid was called the Sahib al-Fath at-Thani, or "Master of the Second Conquest". When Imam Ahmad, who had led the Muslim conquest of the Ethiopian highlands, was killed in 1543, the Muslim forces fell back in confusion to Harar. Nur, the dead leader’s sister’s son, married Ahmad Gragn’s firebrand widow, Bati del Wambara, and undertook to renew the fortunes of the Muslim city, which had been sacked in 1550. Promoted to Emir around 1550-51, he spent the next two years reorganizing his forces, and constructing the wall which still surrounds the city.[3] In 1554-55, Nur departed on a Jihad, or Holy War, in the eastern Ethiopian lowlands of Bale, and Hadiya. In 1559, he invaded Fatagar, where he fought against the Ethiopian emperor Galawdewos, and killed him in battle. Nur continued fighting for 12 years until, according to legend, at Gibe he said "Kaffa!", or "Enough!", and returned to Harar. Some believe the province is called Kaffa for this reason Cowke, Ahmed Guray was indeed killed in battle, this howver did not end the struggle, nor did Ethiopia recover for more than two hundred years. Nur Mujahid, Imaam Ahmed successor even killed an Ethiopian Emperor.

Originally posted by Cowke: My premise is that Ahmed gurey was defeated in 1542 by a large ethiopian army and Ahmed gurey was killed and his movement died and Ethiopia resumed operation as usual. Nonsense child, Ahmed Guray had a profound effect on not only Etrhiopia but the entire Horn, Business as usual was not the case. "In Ethiopia the damage which [Ahmad] Gragn did has never been forgotten," wrote Paul B. Henze. "Every Christian highlander still hears tales of Gragn in his childhood. Haile Selassie referred to him in his memoirs. I have often had villagers in northern Ethiopia point out sites of towns, forts, churches and monasteries destroyed by Gragn as if these catastrophes had occurred only yesterday." [20] While acknowledging that many modern Somali nationalists consider Ahmad a national hero, Henze dismisses their claims, stating that the concept of a Somali nation did not exist during Ahmad's lifetime. Also child after Imaam AHmed there was Nur Ibn Mujahid who went on to continue the war against Ethiopia

Somalia court gives pirates jail terms 26 Oct 26, 2009 - 10:16:17 AM MOGADISHU, Oct. 25 (Xinhua) -- A court in the northeastern Somali region of Puntland on Sunday sentenced 12 men to various prison terms after being convicted of piracy activities off the Somali piracy-infested coast. The judge of the court of first instance in Bossaso, the commercial hub of Puntland, gave eight of the 12 men the prison sentence of eight years each, with the possibility of an appeal against the ruling. The eight men were handed over to the local authorities by the Egyptian government after they were overpowered by the crew of an Egyptian fishing boat they have been holding hostage for nearly four months off the region. Two of the pirates were reportedly killed in the struggle in mid August while the rest were taken to Egypt by the crew aboard the boat that was seized last May. The court also sentenced three years in jail each of the four men accused of an attempted piracy after they were allegedly caught with weapons around the coastal Mareero village outside Bossaso and planning to carry out seajacking. Judge Sheikh Mohamed Abdi Aware, who presided over the trials, said the men could lodge an appeal against the court ruling. The men were expected to appeal against the sentences as they denied all the charges leveled against them The authorities in the region of Puntland, a hotbed of piracy in Somalia, have carried out similar trials against suspected pirates in the past after some of the international naval forces patrolling the Somali coast handed over some suspected pirates. The French navy force patrolling the Somali piracy-invested coast this month handed over five suspected pirates to the authorities in Puntland. Several warships from a number of countries patrol the Somali coast and the Gulf of Aden where piracy has been rife for the past years when dozens of commercial ships were abducted but most were released after the payment of hefty ransoms. Since the start of the restless situation in Somalia in 1991, the coastal areas near the war-torn country and the Gulf of Aden were frequently infested by pirates. Source: Xinhua