Colombia illaa Boosaaso – Qandaraasleyaasha dagaalka hurinaya ee la mariyo Somalia

[Deeq A.]

Khartuum (Caasimada Online) — Dhulka saxaraha ah ee Sudan ee ay cadceeddu dubtay, waxaa dhex maraya gawaari ciidan oo duugoobay, iyadoo raadiye gaari ay ka baxayaan heeso dhaqameedka vallenato — oo ah cod laga yaqaan Latin America balse aan laga aqoon Bariga Afrika.

Heesahan aan la fileynin inay halkaas ka baxaan ayaa ah kuwa ay dhageysanayaan calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaal u dhashay dalka Colombia, kuwaas oo doorkooda sii kordhaya ee dagaalka sokeeye ee Sudan uu hadda isu beddelay fadeexad caalami ah.

Dowladda Khartuum ayaa dhowaan dacwad rasmi ah u gudbisay Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay, iyadoo ku eedaysay Imaaraadka Carabta inay maalgelisay ayna geysay calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaal Colombian ah si ay u garab dagaallamaan Ciidanka Taageerada Degdegga ah (RSF), oo ah maleeshiyo awood badan oo la dagaallamaysa ciidanka qaranka Sudan.

Mas’uuliyiinta Sudan ayaa sheegay inay hayaan “caddeymo ballaaran” oo ku saabsan olole abaabulan oo ay Abu Dhabi ku doonayso inay ku wiiqdo madaxbannaanida Sudan. Dhanka kale, Imaaraadka Carabta ayaa iska fogeeyay eedeymahan.

Xiisadda ayaa sii korortay kadib markii ciidanka cirka ee Sudan ay 7-dii August gobolka Darfur ku soo rideen diyaarad laga leeyahay Imaaraadka. Waxaa diyaaradda saarnaa 40 calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaal u dhashay Colombia iyo shixnad hub ah oo la sheegay inay ku socotay ciidanka RSF, waxaana halkaas ku dhintay dhammaan dadkii saarnaa. Abu Dhabi ayaa mar kale beenisay inay lug ku lahayd arrintan, halka wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Colombia ay ka aamustay.

Inkastoo ay arrintani tahay mid naxdin leh, haddana ka qaybgalka dagaalyahannada Colombia ee Sudan waxaa horraantii sanadkan lagu xaqiijiyay warbixin ay soo saareen khubaro ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay. Joogitaankoodu wuxuu qayb ka yahay ganacsi caalami ah oo dahsoon oo ku saleysan askarta la kiraysto.

Dalka Sudan waxaa hareeyay dagaal sokeeye tan iyo bishii April 2023, markaasoo loollan muddo dheer soo jiitamayay oo u dhexeeyay ciidanka qaranka iyo kuwa RSF uu isku beddelay dagaal fool-ka-fool ah oo dhan walba ah.

Qiyaasuhu waxay sheegayaan in la dilay dad u dhexeeya 20,000 ilaa 150,000 oo qof. Waxaa sidoo kale barakacay in ka badan 14 milyan oo qof, iyadoo macluul ay halis ugu jirto gobollo dhowr ah, waxaana Maxkamadda Dambiyada Caalamiga ah (International Criminal Court) ay baareysaa dembiyo naxdin leh oo isugu jira xasuuq wadareed iyo tacaddiyo xagga galmada ah.

Colombia ilaa Boosaaso: Silsiladda isu-gudbinta

Way adag tahay in lala socdo dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsiga calooshood-u-shaqeysiga, laakiin warbaahin laga leeyahay Colombia oo lagu magacaabo La Silla Vacía ayaa ku qiyaastay in ilaa 380 Colombian ah la qoray tan iyo sanadkii 2024 si ay ugu biiraan ciidanka RSF. Intooda badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin guuto loo yaqaan Yeeyda Saxaraha (Desert Wolves), taasoo u kala baxda afar cutub oo ay hoggaamiyaan askar howlgab ah.

“Askarta Colombia waa kuwa qiimo jaban balse tayo leh,” ayuu yiri Sean McFate, oo ah aqoonyahan Mareykan ah oo ku takhasusay arrimaha difaaca. “Waa dad anshax leh, dagaal soo maray, kharashkooduna wuxuu aad uga yar yahay kan ku baxaya askari Mareykan ah.”

Tobanaan sano oo dagaal lala galay jabhado iyo kooxaha ka ganacsada maandooriyaha ayaa sababtay in Colombia ay yeelato kumanaan askari oo ruug-caddaa ah oo dagaal ku soo tababartay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan oo ka mid ah waxay ku nool yihiin gunno howlgabnimo oo yar oo u dhexeysa $400 ilaa $600 bishii. Taas beddelkeeda, shaqada calooshood-u-shaaqeysiga waxay bixisaa lacag u dhexeysa $2,600 ilaa $6,000, taasoo inta badan lagu xayeysiiyo WhatsApp-ka.

“Marka aysan dowladdu u abuurin fursado, askartu waxay aadaan meelo kale,” ayuu yiri Jose Angel Espinosa, oo ah sarreeye howlgab ah oo hadda maamula urur ay ku mideysan yihiin askartii hore. “Ciidanka waxaan kaga soo tagnaa maskax dagaal ku dhisan—waana waxa kaliya ee aan aqoonno.”

Tan iyo markii uu Madaxweyne Gustavo Petro xafiiska la wareegay sanadkii 2022, waxaa howlgab noqday in ka badan 22,000 oo xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka ammaanka Colombia. Tallaabadan ayaa qayb ahaan loo aaneynayaa is-maandhaaf ka dhashay kadib markii uu madaxweynuhu beddelay dhammaan hoggaankii sare ee militariga. Falanqeeyayaashu waxay sheegayaan in carada ka dhalatay arrintan ay sii kordhisay helitaanka calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaasha.

Inta badan dadka la qoro waxaa la soo marsiiyaa shirkado amni oo gaar loo leeyahay oo Colombian ah, kuwaasoo u shaqeeya shirkado Imaaraati ah. Hawlgallada qaarkood waxaa xitaa hoggaaminayay janaraal howlgab ah oo u dhashay Colombia oo fadhigiisu yahay Dubai. Dagaalyahanno badan ayaa la marin-habaabiyay—waxaa loo sheegay inay ilaalin doonaan xarumaha shidaalka ama ay ciidamo tababari doonaan—balse waxay is arkeen iyagoo lagu qasbay inay galaan jiidda hore ee dagaalka Sudan.

Jidadka loo maro safarradan ayaa muujinaya baaxadda caalamiga ah ee ganacsigan. Markii hore, calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaashu waxay ka duuli jireen Abu Dhabi iyagoo u socda magaalada Benghazi ee dalka Libya, halkaasoo lagala wareegi jiray baasaboorradooda ka hor inta aan loo daabulin Sudan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii ay waddadaasi noqotay mid halis badan, waxaa soo baxay waddooyin cusub.

Mid ka mid ah jidadkaas wuxuu si toos ah u soo marayay Geeska Afrika. Dagaalyahannadu waxay ka dhoofi jireen Madrid iyagoo u socda Ethiopia, kadibna waxay usii gudbayeen magaalada dekadda ah ee Boosaaso ee Soomaaliya, halkaasoo ay diyaarad uga sii raacayeen caasimadda Chad ee N’Djamena, ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyn gaarin magaalada Nyala ee gobolka Darfur—oo fariisin muhiim u ah RSF.

“Xaaladdu halkan waa mid xun, maxaabiis ahaan baa naloo haystaa,” ayuu yiri mid ka mid ah askarta la qoray oo Colombian ah, sida laga maqlay duubis cod ah oo ay heshay warbaahinta La Silla Vacía. Mid kale ayaa isna si aan gabasho lahayn u raaciyay: “Tani waa ka ganacsi dad. Shaqo gaar ah ayaa naloo soo kireystay, balse mid kale ayaa nalagu qasbay.”

Dhaqan caalami ah oo aan xal fudud lahayn

Tani maaha markii ugu horreysay ee dagaalyahanno Colombian ah lagu arko fagaarayaal dagaal oo shisheeye. Ku dhawaad 20 ka mid ah ayaa ku lug lahaa dilkii madaxweynihii Haiti, Jovenel Moïse, sanadkii 2021. Qaar kale waxay hadda ka dagaallamayaan Ukraine, halka ay horey uga soo shaqeeyeen Ciraaq, Afghanistan, iyo Libya. Imaaraadka Carabta laftiisa ayaa sanadkii 2015 boqollaal Colombian ah u kireystay inay la-dagaallamaan Xuutiyiinta Yemen.

“Imaaraadku waa mid ka mid ah macaamiisha ugu waaweyn ee calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaasha adduunka,” ayuu yiri McFate. “Waxay leeyihiin lacag iyo damac siyaasadeed oo caalami ah, calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaashuna waa hab raqiis ah oo ay ku gaari karaan himilooyinkooda. Sudan waxay abuuraysaa baahida, Imaaraadku wuxuu bixinayaa maalgelinta, Colombia-na waxay bixisaa sahayda.”

Ka dib markii diyaaraddii Imaaraadka la soo riday, Madaxweyne Petro wuxuu ballanqaaday inuu soo saari doono sharci mamnuucaya in dibadda laga qorto calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaasha Colombia, wuxuuna sidoo kale furay baaritaan ku saabsan arrintan. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay dhaqankan mid ah “ka ganacsiga dad loo beddelay badeecooyin la doonayo in la laayo.”

Hase yeeshee, khubaradu waxay ka digayaan in dadaallada noocan ahi aysan xallin doonin sababaha asalka u ah dhibaatadan. “Sharcigu waxba kama qabanayo sababaha ay askartu u aqbalaan shaqooyinkan—kuwaasoo ah mushahar yarida, dib-u-laqabsiga bulshada oo aan jirin, iyo dhibaatooyinka nafsaaniga ah ee uu dagaalku ka tago,” ayay tiri Katherin Galindo, oo ah falanqeeye siyaasadeed.

McFate ayaa fikraddaas ku raacay: “Ganacsigan waa mid ku dhowaad aan suurtagal ahayn in la xakameeyo. Qaramada Midoobay waxay caddaysay awood-darro ay ka qabto arrimaha calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaasha.”

Adeegsiga dagaalyahannada Colombia wuxuu iftiiminayaa sida ay danaha shisheeye u sii murjinayaan dhibaatada Sudan. Calooshood-u-shaaqeystayaashu waxay dowladaha sida Imaaraadka siinayaan fursad ay isaga fogeeyaan mas’uuliyadda tooska ah, iyagoo isla markaasna sii hurinaya colaadaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa la-xisaabtanka dambiyada naxdinta leh mid aad u sii adag.

Dhanka kale, askarta ruug-caddaaga ah ee Colombia, saboolnimada iyo dayacaadda ka jirta dalkooda ayaa ku khasbaysa inay u hayaamaan dagaallo ka socda meelo aad u fog—xitaa iyagoo soo maraya magaalooyin sida Boosaaso—halkaasoo aan loola dhaqmin sidii askar oo kale, balse loola macaamilo sidii badeecad la isticmaali karo oo la iska fogeyn karo.